人和动物的多瘤病毒

Polyomavirus Infections in Men and Animals

关键词:  多瘤病毒  组成  感染  生物学特性

Key words:  polyomavirus  composition  infection  biological characteristic

摘要:

多瘤病毒分类于乳多空病毒科,DNA肿瘤病毒。病毒无囊膜,直径40nm~45nm,有3种~4种衣壳蛋白,基因组为约5000对核苷酸组成的双链闭合环状DNA。病毒在自然界分布广泛,目前已从人、兔子、小牛、鸟类、啮齿类和灵长类等动物分离到多种多瘤病毒。各病毒内部有共同的属特异性抗原,但大多数病毒表面蛋白无血清学交叉反应。病毒在容许细胞中增殖良好,能使非容许细胞发生转化,在转化细胞中病毒DNA以整合到宿主染色体的方式存在。多瘤病毒感染有严格的种特异性,在自然宿主内大多数病毒呈隐性感染,但人和虎皮鹦鹉多瘤病毒对宿主有一定致病性。本文就有关多瘤病毒的感染和生物学特性研究进展作一概述。

Abstract:

The polyomaviruses is a genus of the family Papovaviridae.They are oncogenic DNA virus with icosahedral capsids 40 nm~45 nm in diameter,containing three to four viral proteins and double-strand,covalently closed,circular genomes approximately 5000 bp in size.Polyomaviruses are widely distributed in nature and have been described from man, rabbits, calves,birds,rodents and primates. A common genus antigen can be detected in disrupted virions of all species,but most species show no serological cross-reactions. Cells which do not support replication may be transformed.Viral DNA is integrated into cellular chromosomes of transformed cells. The viruses are highly species-specific,and they naturally infect either only one species or a few closely related species, and the infections are general inapparence in most hosts, except for a rare disease in man and a disease in budgerigars. The research progress on infections and biological characteristics of polyomaviruses was reviewed.