关于“贝种退化”问题的探讨

A Discussion on the “Degeneration” Problem of the Pearl Oyster

关键词:  合浦珠母贝  退化  近亲交配  珍珠养殖

Key words:  Pinctada fucada  degenaration  inbreeding  pearl farming

摘要:

据称合浦珠母贝在养殖场"退化了","变小了",是"近亲交配"引起的,这种说法已颇为流行,影响也很大。但是,在理论上还说明不了,也未曾见过有合浦珠母贝退化的研究报告。而且,在养殖场的人工育苗生产中,实际上已极大限度地避免了近亲交配,防止了近亲交配引起退化的可能性。所以,这种所谓"近亲交配"引起"退化"的说法,还缺少严格的科学实验根据。事实证明了,养殖的合浦珠母贝同野生个体的生长一样快,但生活环境不同对生长的影响较大,而在管养条件不良时生长最差。因此建议在生产中加强管养工作,育壮苗、养大贝、出好珠,也要加强基础科学知识的教育,促进合浦珠母贝养殖珍珠生产更好更快地发展。

Abstract:

There is an interpretation of "inbreeding" causing Pinctada fucada "degeneration" and getting "smaller" in pearl farms.Now this interpretation becomes popular and has a great influence upon the people's idea.But this interpretation can't be explained reasonably in theory.And so far no study report has been published about the degeneration of P. fucada. In fact the inbreeding chance has been reduced to a minium in pearl farms of artificial breeding,and so,prevent the possibility of degeneration.Obviously this interpretation lacks rigorous evidence from scientific experiment. It is proved that the breeding P. fucada grows as quick as the wild ones.Its living conditions have great effects on its growth state.It grows slowly under malnutrition conditions.On the basis of these above,we propose to tighten up the management in productive practice in order to breed robust spats,rear big shells and yield good pearls.Also we should strengthen the education of basic scientific knowledge to promote the production of cultured pearls from P. fucada developing profitably rapidly.