林院1号无核黄皮无籽结实研究

Seedless Fruit-setting of Linyuan 1 Seedless Wampee

关键词:  无核黄皮  无核  单性结实

Key words:  seedless wampee  seedless  parthenocarpy

摘要:

为了探讨林院1号无核黄皮果实无籽的原因,于1992年~2000年在广西大学林学院观察林院1号无核黄皮的花器、花粉数量及饱满程度、花粉萌发情况,并和有核黄皮比较;采用随机区组试验设计,对林院1号进行自然授粉、去雄不授粉套袋、去雄后用有核黄皮花粉授粉并套袋的授粉试验;观察林院1号的授粉受精过程。研究结果表明:林院1号无核黄皮的花器无畸形或无异常现象,胚珠和胚囊发育正常,与有核黄皮的花器构造相同,林院1号无核黄皮无籽并非其花器构造和组织畸形或异常、胚珠或胚囊发育不良所致,而是与其花粉和自身的遗传特性有关。林院1号无核黄皮花粉平均萌发率为3.07%,与有核黄皮花粉平均萌发率84.13%比较,有极显著性差异(F=1544.97>F_0.01=98.5);花粉管长0.263mm,比有核黄皮的花粉管(0.387mm)短,两者比较有极显著性差异(F=158.17>F_0.01=98.5)。林院1号无核黄皮在无花粉刺激下,座果率仍达19.3%,在有核黄皮花粉刺激的情况下,林院1号无核黄皮的平均座果率为77.1%,比自然授粉的平均座果率(29.3%)提高47.8%,具有自发性单性结实和刺激性单性结实现象;在有核黄皮花粉刺激下,林院1号无核黄皮的无核率仍高达76.0%,与自然授粉的无核率(91.2%)比较,有显著性异差(F=11.3> F_0.05=6.94)。

Abstract:

To probe into the seedless reason of fruit of the Linyuan 1 seedless wampee,the Linyuan 1 seedless wampee is observed at its flower organs, pollen quantity and degree of satiation, and germination, and compared with the seed wampee. In terms of randomized block, the Linyuan 1 pollination experiment was conducted in three treatments:pollinated naturally, castrated without pollination and covered with paper bag, pollinated with pollen of seed wampee after being castrated and covered with paper bag. The process of pollination and fecundation was observed. The Linyuan 1 seedless wampee has the same flower construction with the seed wampee. Its ovule and embryo sac grow normally. The seedless is response to pollen and heredity. Its pollen germination rate was 3.07% on average, and significantly lower than the seed wampee's (84.13%) at F=1544.97>F_0.01=98.5.Its pollen tube is 0.263 mm on average, significantly lower than seed wampee's (0.387 mm) at F=158.17>F_0.01=98.5. Without stimulation of the seedless wampee' pollen, the fruit setting rate was 19.3%. In the stimulation of the seedless wampee' pollen, the fruit setting rate was up to 77.1%, much higher than the natural pollination (29.3%); but its seedless rate was 76.0%, no significantly different from the natural pollination (91.2%) at F=11.3<F_0.05=6.94.This seedless wampee has the phenomena of spontaneous parthenocarpy and stimulative parthenocarpy.