举重运动员下肢三关节等速肌力测试分析*

Isokinetic Muscle Strength Testing on Three Lower Extremity Joints of Weightlifting Athletes

关键词:  举重  下肢  等速测试  峰力矩

Key words:  weightlifting  lower extremity  isokinetic testing  peak torque

摘要:

[目的]通过对广西举重运动员下肢髋、膝、踝关节屈伸肌群进行等速向心测试,研究其在不同角速度下相对峰值力矩和峰值力矩比值,找出薄弱肌群,为运动员的力量训练提供科学依据。[方法]使用美国Biodex System 3 Pro多关节等速肌力测试与训练系统,测定广西举重队16名重点运动员在60°/s、180°/s、240°/s速度下两侧下肢髋、膝、踝关节屈伸肌群的等速向心峰值力距。[结果](1)举重运动员髋、膝、踝关节屈伸肌群等速向心收缩的相对峰值力矩男子明显大于女子,并且男女运动员都随运动速度的增加(60~240°/s)而减小;男子左髋屈肌群相对峰值力矩在中速(180°/s)和高速(240°/s)时明显低于右髋,男子右膝伸肌峰值力矩在低速(60°/s)时明显低于左膝。(2)当运动速度从低速(60°/s)增加到高速(240°/s)时,女子举重运动员右髋屈伸肌峰值力矩比值降低的幅度明显大于男子运动员;男子举重运动员在慢速(60°/s)时左膝和右膝屈伸肌峰值力矩比值差别较大,女子举重运动员在慢速(60°/s)和快速(240°/s)时左膝和右膝屈伸肌峰值力矩比值差别较大;举重运动员踝关节背屈跖屈峰值力矩比值在中速(180°/s)时最大,男子举重运动员在快速(240°/s)时最小,女子举重运动员在慢速(60°/s)时最小。[结论]广西举重运动员下肢三关节屈伸肌群等速肌力两侧不平衡,男运动员表现更明显;女子举重运动员的薄弱肌群为右髋屈肌群和左踝背屈肌群;男子举重运动员的薄弱肌群为左髋屈肌群和右膝伸肌群。

Abstract:

[Objective] Testing the extension and flexion isokinetic torque of hip, knee and ankle was conducted in Guangxi weightlifters.The extension and flexion muscle strength and its ratio of peak extension and flexion muscle strength at different perspectives were studied in order to identify the weak muscles and to provide scientific basis for athletes' strength training.[Methods] The American Biodex System 3 Pro joint isokinetic strength testing and training system was used to measure hip, knee, ankle extension and flexion of muscle isokinetic peak torque in 16 Guangxi weightlifters under the speed of 60°/s、180°/s、240°/s.[Results] (1)The male weightlifters' hip, knee, ankle extension and flexion of muscle isokinetic peak torque are greater than the female weightlifters, and both male and female weightlifters' velocity decreases with the increase of speed(60~240°/s); The extension and flexion muscle strength peak torque of male weightlifters' left hip peak torque at medium speed(180°/s)and higher speed(240°/s)is significantly lower than that of right hip.The extension and flexion muscle strength peak torque of male weightlifters' right knee at low(60°/s)speed is relatively lower than that of left knee.(2)When the speed changes from low (60°/s)to high speed(240°/s), the ratio of female weightlifters' right hip extension and flexion peak torque decreases significantly larger than the male weightlifters.The ratio of extension and flexion muscle strength peak torque varies greatly in both left and right knees at lower speed(60°/s) for male weightlifters, but at lower speed(60°/s)as well as higher speed(240°/s)for female weightlifters.The ratio of weightlifters' ankle dorsiflexion and planter flexion strength is maximum at medium speed(180°/s), while it is minimum at high speed(240°/s)for the male weightlifters and at low speed(60°/s)for the female weightlifters.[Conclusion] The isokinetic muscle strength of Guangxi weightlifters is imbalance at both sides of hip, knee and ankle, which reveals more obvious in male weightlifters.The weak muscles of female weightlifters are right hip and right ankle, while the weak muscles of male weightlifters are left hip and right knee.