凡纳滨对虾生命周期环境影响模型分析评价研究

The Evaluation of the Model of Life Cycle Assessment(LCA) in Litopenaeus vannamei

关键词:  凡纳滨对虾  繁殖  养殖  综合利用  生命周期评价

Key words:  Litopenaeus vannamei  breeding  cultivation  comprehensive utilization  life cycle assessment

摘要:

[目的]以凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)为原料,针对凡纳滨对虾养成和综合利用(同时获得冷冻无头虾、调味基料、多功能饲料添加剂等3种产品)模式,评价整个过程的环境影响。[方法]引入生命周期环境影响评价(Life Cycle Assessment,LCA)概念和方法,构建了由确定目标和范围、清单分析、影响评价、结果解释等4个步骤组成的评价体系,并对其生产过程中的资源消耗、富营养化、温室效应、酸化、烟尘与粉尘、固体废弃物排放等进行了定量评价。[结果]在以养成及综合利用1000kg凡纳滨对虾为功能单元的评价体系中,总环境影响负荷为0.386,单类型环境影响负荷分别为温室效应(0.179)、酸化效应(0.112)、富营养化(0.055)、粉尘和烟尘(0.034)及工业固废(0.006)。[结论]各子系统对总环境负荷值的贡献大小依次为养殖阶段、加工阶段、繁殖阶段及废水处理阶段。

Abstract:

[Objective] According to the aim of "Zero-waste" and "High-value", environmental impacts were estimated in L.vannamei breeding, cultivation and comprehensive utilization, which was developed to produce three kinds of products, headless frozen prawn, seasoning base material and feed additives.[Methods] Based on L.vannamei processing and utilization model, the life cycle assessment (LCA) was divided into four parts, including goal and scope definition, inventory analysis, impact assessment and interpretation of results.Quantitative evaluations were made in the consumption of resources, solid wastes, eutrophication, global warming, smoke and dust, acidification and potential impacts. [Results] The indexes of total environment load, global warming, acidification, eutrophication, smoke and dust, and solid wastes were 0H386, 0.179, 0.112, 0.055, 0.034, and 0.006, respectively.[Conclusion] The most contributed stage in L.vannamei processing and utilization model is the cultivation stage.