广西植被资源保护现状与策略

The Current Status and Protection Way of Guangxi Vegetation Resource, South China

关键词:  植被资源  威胁原因  保护空缺

Key words:  vegetation resources  threats  protection gaps

摘要:

[目的]全面了解广西植被资源保护现状、受威胁原因及保护空缺,为制定广西植被资源保护策略和生物多样性保护行动计划提供科学依据。[方法]在全面收集广西植被资源信息数据的基础上,通过比较分析和空缺分析,揭示植被资源保护现状及受威胁原因。[结果]植被保护成效显著:建立了较完善的植被保护法律、法规体系,建立各种类型的自然保护区78个,面积达145.90万hm²,占广西国土面积的6.17%;这些自然保护区保存了广西40大片原生性最好的天然阔叶林,保护了广西90%的野生动植物种群和80%以上的森林植被类型,保护了全区19.8%的自然湿地和70%的重要湿地。植被保护现状:天然植被退化的严重局面还没有从根本上得到有效遏制,一些特有、珍稀植被资源尚未得到有效的保护,经济社会高速发展对天然植被保护的约束压力加大,天然植被缩小、人工植被扩大,植被的生态功能下降。植被受威胁的原因主要是:人口过快增长、城市化和土地开发、森林火灾、病虫害、气候灾害、桉树人工林的无序发展、湿地开垦与污染等。植被保护空缺仍然较大,有66种森林、17种竹林、72种灌丛、45种草丛、120种水生植被尚未得到有效保护。提出了广西植被资源保护的重点区域和重点保护类型。[结论]广西植被资源基本得到保护,但保护与开发利用之间的矛盾尖锐,构筑国土生态屏障和经营优质生态资产的任务任重道远。

Abstract:

[Objective] This paper aimed to understand the current status, the reasons of threatened and the gaps of conservation in Guangxi vegetation resource.[Methods] The current status, threatened reasons and conservation gaps in Guangxi vegetation resource were summarized through field survey and literature collection.[Results] There were 78 nature reserves in Guangxi with a total area of over 1, 459, 000 hectares, accounting for 6.17% of the region's total area.These nature reserves possessed protected area for 40 natural broadleaf forests, 90% wildlife, 80% vegetation types and 19.8% natural wetlands of Guangxi.However, there were vegetation types of 66 forests, 17 bamboo forests, 72 shrubs, 45 grasses and 120 wetlands, which have not been effectively protected.The main threats or constrains were human disturbance, habitat degradation, forest fires, pest and disease, wetland reclamation and water pollution, and disordered development of eucalyptus plantations.[Conclusion] The current results provide scientific references for the management and protection of vegetation resources and biodiversity in Guangxi, which will be helpful to enhance our understanding of Guangxi vegetation.