多出口室内行人出口选择行为研究

Behavior Study on Exit Choice of Indoor Pedestrians in Multiple Exits

关键词:  行人交通流  元胞自动机疏散  出口选择  出口代价

Key words:  pedestrian traffic  cellular automata  exit selection  cost factor

摘要:

[目的]研究行人流在不同设定条件下选择合理出口的行为,为多出口室内行人疏散提供参考。[方法]采用元胞自动机模型,在静态场的基础上,模拟行人流在多出口室内的出口选择行为。在模型中引入出口代价,即行人选择目标出口时需要考虑的距离及其与他人竞争因素的加权平均(权重为k)。为实现出口选择机制,赋予每个出口元胞1个单元场,当行人评估出室内最小代价值的出口时,选用该出口的单元场来进行迁移。[结果]当权重k合适(区间较大)时,在初始行人分布均匀或不均匀、出口分布对称或不对称,以及在疏散过程中增加应急出口的情况下,行人都会充分利用空闲的出口,使不同的出口都聚集大致相等的人数;而且应急出口打开时间越早行人流疏散的效果越好,应急出口打开过晚时行人疏散的效果甚至会比没有应急出口的情况还差。[结论]出口代价的引入,使模型能合理地描述多出口的室内行人疏散。

Abstract:

[Objective] We simulate pedestrian evacuation in an optimal way that pedestrians choose an exit in a multi-exit room.[Methods] The paper proposes a model that can simulate pedestrians choosing exit in a multi-exit room or in a room with emergency exits which can be activated at a certain time step during the evacuation.The pedestrians choose an exit in the model by a way that pedestrians weigh all the exits in the room with two factors:One is the distance weighted by k and the other is the competition weighted by 1-k.The cost is defined as the sum of the two factors with weight.With every exit cell in the room having a "unit field", the pedestrians choose a lowest cost exit and move by the "unit field" of the exit chosen.[Results] When the weight k is suitable, pedestrians will make full use of idle exit at different situations, so that there are roughly equal number of people gathered at different exits. The emergency exit should open as soon as possible before it opens too late otherwise the evacuation time will take longer than the situation that have no emergency exit and the pedestrian will choose a reasonable exit to evacuate.[Conclusion] The introduction of the cost factor in the model can reasonably describe indoor pedestrian evacuation in the multi-exits.