东兴金花茶花果期内源激素动态变化

Dynamic Changes of Endogenous Hormones in Blossom and Fruit Period of Camellia tunghinensis Chang

关键词:  东兴金花茶  花果期  内源激素

Key words:  Camellia tunghinensis Chang  blossom and fruit period  endogenous hormones

摘要:

[目的]摸清濒危植物东兴金花茶(Camellia tunghinensis Chang)开花少、结实率低的生理问题,为其物种保护、恢复提供理论依据。[方法]选用东兴金花茶为材料,借助酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)测定植株花果期枝、叶、蕾、花、果中内源吲哚乙酸(IAA)、赤霉素(GA₃)、细胞分裂素(ZR)、脱落酸(ABA)的含量,并分析这4种内源激素含量及比值的变化规律。[结果]花果期,东兴金花茶植株IAA、ZR、ABA平均含量高低排序:枝 > 叶,GA₃含量为叶 > 枝;IAA平均含量:果 > 花 > 蕾;ZR平均含量:蕾 > 花 > 果;GA₃平均含量:果 > 蕾 > 花;ABA平均含量:花 > 蕾> 果。果枝叶IAA含量先低后高,ZR含量呈"M"字形变化,GA₃含量先高后低,ABA含量变化为"低-高-低-高";IAA/ABA、(IAA+GA₃)/ZR变化为先低后高,ZR/ABA变化为"高-低-高-低",GA₃/ABA变化为先高后低。果枝IAA、ABA含量变化为"低-高-低-高",ZR含量先高后低,GA₃含量先低后高;IAA/ABA呈"W"字形变化、GA₃/ABA、ZR/ABA变化为"高-低-高-低",(IAA+GA₃)/ZR变化为"低-高-低-高"。蕾、花、果中,IAA、GA₃含量整体上升,ZR含量整体下降,ABA含量则为"上升-下降";IAA/ABA、(IAA+GA₃)/ZR比值呈"W"字形波动上升,ZR/ABA则呈"W"字形波动下降,GA₃/ABA"低-高-低-高"。[结论]在生产中,提高ZR、ABA含量而降低IAA、GA₃含量利于东兴金花茶的花芽分化。在结实期,高IAA、GA₃浓度和低ABA浓度利于提高坐果率,减少落花落果,促进高产稳产。

Abstract:

[Objective] The effects of endogenous hormones on Camellia tunghinensis Chang flowering and fructification were studied by the dynamic changes of endogenous hormones contents in blossoming and fruit period,in order to provide the theory basis for finding out the physical problem of less flowering and low fructification rate of endangered plant,and protecting and recovering the species.[Methods] The contents of indole-3-acetic acid(IAA),gibberellin A₃(GA₃),trans-zeatin-riboside(ZR)and abscisic acid(ABA) in branches,leaves,buds,flowers and fruits were measured by ELISA method,and the changes of their contents and ratios were analyzed.[Results] In the flowering period,the average content of IAA,ZR and ABA was higher in branch than in leaf,whereas that of GA₃ was less in branch.The sequence of average content was:fruit > flower > buds for IAA,bud > flower > fruit for ZR,fruit > bud > flower for GA₃,and flower > bud > fruit for ABA.The trend of fruit branch leaf was falling then rising for IAA, changing in M-shaped pattern for ZR, rising first then falling for GA₃,and repeating twice from low to high for ABA.The ratios of IAA/ABA and (IAA+GA₃)/ZR were first falling then rising,ZR/ABA was falling to rising then falling to rising again,and GA₃/ABA was rising first then falling.In fruit branch,IAA and ABA variation revealed the trend from low to high,then from low to high again,ZR rising first then falling,GA₃ falling then rising.IAA/ABA changed in W-shaped pattern,GA₃/ABA、ZR/ABA revealed falling to rising then falling to rising again,and(IAA+GA₃)/ZR repeated from low to high twice.IAA and GA₃ content rose,while ZR declined in the bud,flower and fruit periods,and the trend of ABA content changed from rising to falling.The ratio of IAA/ABA and (IAA+GA₃)/ZR increased in W-shaped pattern,ZR/ABA decreased in W-shaped pattern,GA₃/ABA repaeted twice from low to high.[Conclusion] Increasing the content of ZR and ABA,and decreasing the contents of IAA and GA₃ will be beneficial for flower bud differentiation of Camellia tunghinensis in production.High content of IAA and GA₃ with low content of ABA will improve fruit-bearing rate in the fructification phase,which can reduce the situation of the fallen petal and fruit abscission,and promote stable high yield.