虾塘还林及其海洋农牧化构想

A Conception of Developing Farming of the Sea through Reconversion of Shrimp Ponds to Mangroves

关键词:  沿海虾塘  生态改造  红树林滨海生态农场  技术途径  效益分析

Key words:  shrimp ponds  ecological transformation  mangrove eco-farm  technical approach  cost benefit analysis

摘要:

根据我国东南沿海红树林退化情况和海水虾塘养殖业严重衰败问题,对我国退塘还林的潜在规模及其重要意义进行分析和评估,并在此基础上提出了"虾塘红树林湿地生态农场"建设思路和3种生态养殖模式。理论推算表明,生态改造后虾塘养殖的经济效益提高1.2~2.0倍;氮(N)和磷(P)的年环境负荷量分别减少28.51%~56.39%和25.63%~88.13%。此外,虾塘生态改造还将显著美化滨海湿地景观,为耐盐功能性植物开发利用和滨海休闲业发展奠定基础。"虾塘红树林湿地生态农场"兼顾了生态与生计同时所面临的问题,并可作为一种激励机制,促进退塘还林和蓝碳经济发展。最后,讨论了技术、农户积极性和资金投入等方面的可行性,并提出了相关建议。

Abstract:

Based on the degradation of mangroves and the serious decline of shrimp farming along the coast of Southeast China, the potential scale and significance of returning pond to forest in China were analyzed and evaluated.On this basis, the conception of developing mangrove wetland eco-farm was put forward and three eco-farming patterns were proposed.An estimation theoretically suggests the economic benefit from farming in ecologically transformed shrimp ponds can be 1.2 to 2.0 times higher and the annual environmental load of N and P can be reduced by 28.51%~56.39% and 25.63%~88.13%.Ecologically transformed shrimp ponds will beautify the landscape of coastal wetlands, and hence improve the exploitation of functional plants of salt tolerance and boost the development of coastal recreation industry.Developing eco-farms in mangrove converted shrimp ponds can offer a solution both to the conservation of ecosystems and the development of alternative livelihood, impulse the motivation of farmers, facilitate the reconversion of shrimp pond to mangroves, and promote the development of blue carbon economy.The feasibility of developing eco-farms with regards to technologies available, motivation of farmers, and investment were analyzed and suggestions were also made in the paper.