广西滨海盐沼生态系统研究现状及展望

Status and Characteristics of the Research on Salt Marshes along Guangxi Coast

关键词:  滨海盐沼  盐沼-红树林  生态交错带  茳芏  互花米草

Key words:  coastal salt marsh  salt marsh-mangrove  ecotone  Cyperus malaccensis  Spartina alterniflora

摘要:

滨海盐沼(Coastal salt marsh or tidal marsh)是具备多种重要生态和经济功能的海岸带生态系统。对滨海盐沼生态系统生态格局的深入研究,可为滨海湿地管理和恢复提供有益经验。广西滨海盐沼生态系统物种多样性较高,原生种类丰富。原生滨海盐沼种类中分布面积较大的茳芏和短叶茳芏集中分布于南流江、钦江和茅岭江河口区,常与红树林(Mangrove)形成滨海盐沼-红树林生态交错带或单一种群;外来入侵种互花米草盐沼分布面积占比大,且呈持续向西扩散趋势。广西滨海盐沼丰富的多样性及盐沼-红树林生态交错带的天然存在为全球气候变化、生物入侵及人为干扰下滨海湿地生态学的研究提供良好的对象,具备独特的科研价值,需要引起高度重视并进行有效保护。本文通过阐述广西滨海盐沼生态系统的分布、类型与特点,综述其研究状况,总结其研究特色,以期为广西滨海湿地生态学的深入研究提供新的线索,促进我国滨海盐沼湿地生态学的研究和发展,并为广西甚至我国滨海湿地生态系统的决策者、管理者等提供参考依据。

Abstract:

Coastal salt marsh is a coastal ecosystem with a variety of important ecological and economic functions.The in-depth study on the ecological pattern of coastal salt marsh ecosystem can provide beneficial experience for the management of coastal wetland and restoration.There is high species diversity and abundant indigenous species in coastal zone in Guangxi.Cyperus malaccensis and Cyperus malaccensis var.are the two main indigenous saltmarsh species and mainly distributed in the estuarine of Nanliujiang River, Qinjiang River and Maolingjiang River, which are existed in the form of salt marsh-mangrove ecotone or single dominant communities.The distribution area of Partina alterniflora which belongs to invasive species is large, and the spreading direction is from east to west. The richness of the coastal salt marsh in Guangxi and the natural existence of the salt marsh-mangrove ecotone provide a good object for the study of coastal wetland ecology under global climate change, biological invasion and human disturbance, and have a unique scientific research value, which need to be highly valued and effectively protected. In this study, the distribution, type and characteristics of the coastal salt marsh ecosystem in Guangxi were reviewed, and the status and the characteristics of the study were summarized to provide new clues for the further study of coastal salt marsh ecology in Guangxi, and promote the coastal ecology research and development, and provide reference for Guangxi and even China's coastal wetland ecosystem decision-makers, managers.