广西红树林恢复历史、成效及经验教训

The History, Achievements and Lessons Learnt for Mangrove Restoration in Guangxi, China

关键词:  红树林  造林历史  造林成效  经验教训  生态恢复分类  中国广西

Key words:  history of mangrove plantation  achievement evaluation  lessons learnt  classification of restoration  Guangxi of China

摘要:

回顾了广西红树林人工造林历史,通过收集资料和调查评估了广西红树林人工造林成效。结果表明,1980年以前广西有红树林人工林274.7 hm²,1980-2001年新增818.2 hm²。2002-2015年的14年间,广西营造了3 984.5 hm²的红树林,成林1 338.9 hm²,保存率为33.6%,其中乡土红树林和外来无瓣海桑林分别贡献了73.86%和26.14%。与此同时,广西红树林天然林比例从2001年的86.95%迅速下降到2015年的66.82%,年均下降1.34%。在广西红树林总面积变化不大的情况下,天然林比例的快速下降,反映出15年间人工林逐渐替代天然林的现象严重。论文总结了广西红树林造林的经验教训,重新评估了宜林滩涂的潜力,将红树林恢复细分为自然恢复、人工修复和重建造林3大类。自然恢复、人工修复有利于改善红树林质量,重建造林则重在扩大红树林数量。最后,给出了中越边界困难滩涂乡土红树林重建的成功范例。

Abstract:

The history of mangrove plantation in Guangxi of China was briefly reviewed, and its restoration achievements were evaluated through collecting data and field investigations.The results showed that there were 274.7 hm² of artificial mangroves in Guangxi before 1980 and it added 818.2 hm² in 1980-2001.A total of 3 984.5 hm² mangroves were planted in Guangxi during the 14 years from 2002 to 2015, and merely 1 338.9 hm² of them survived with a preservation rate of 33.6%.Among them, native mangroves and exotic Sonneratia apetala forest contributed 73.86% and 26.14% respectively.At the same time, the ratio of mangroves to natural forests in Guangxi dropped rapidly from 86.95% in 2001 to 66.82% in 2015, with an average annual decline of 1.34%.Under the condition that the total area of mangroves in Guangxi changed little, the rapid decrease in the proportion of natural forests reflected that artificial mangroves had gradually taken the place of the natural forests in Guangxi during the 15 years, this phenomenon was very serious.The paper also summarized the experiences and lessons of mangrove plantation in Guangxi, re-evaluated the potential of habitats suitable for mangroves, and subdivided restoration into three categories:Natural restoration, artificial remediation and rehabilitation.Natural restoration and artificial restoration are beneficial to improving the quality of mangroves, while the rehabilitation is focused on expanding the number of mangroves.Finally, a successful example of the reconstruction of native mangroves at an unsuitable site of China-Vietnam border is given.