广西岩溶区的水土流失特点及其防治

Features and Treatment of Soil Erosion in Karst Areas of Guangxi

关键词:  岩溶  水土流失  水土漏失  水土流失防治  广西

Key words:  karst  soil erosion  soil leakage  treatment of soil erosion  Guangxi

摘要:

广西岩溶地区水土流失遥感数据和典型地区监测资料显示，广西岩溶地区水土流失有3个显著的特点：土壤侵蚀模数低，以水土漏失为主要过程，坡耕地是重要水土流失区。水土流失的突出危害是导致严重的岩溶内涝灾害和大面积耕地丧失。21世纪以来，国家和广西区政府对于广西岩溶地区水土流失防治工作高度重视，组织实施了一大批水土保持工程，治理水土流失面积14 000 km²，遏制了石漠化，降低了土壤侵蚀模数，形成了高效生态产业，创建了弄拉、龙何等生态与经济协调发展的水土保持模式。但广西岩溶地区水土漏失和内涝灾害防治力度不够，建议进一步加大力度实施广西岩溶地区水土漏失、内涝防治以及耕地资源丧失的水土保持工程。

Abstract:

The remote sensing data of soil erosion in the karst area of Guangxi and the typical regional monitoring data show that there are three significant characteristics of soil erosion in this area:The soil erosion modulus is low,and the soil and water loss is the main process.Slope farmland is an important soil erosion area. The prominent harmfulness of soil erosion is the serious karst floods and the loss of large-scale cultivated land. Since the 21st century,the State and the Guangxi Autonomous Region government have attached great importance to the prevention and control of soil erosion in the karst areas of Guangxi,and have organized and implemented a large number of water and soil conservation projects. As a result,14 000 km² soil erosion areas were treated,the rocky desertification was held back,the mean soil erosion modulus was decreased,and high effective eco-productions were formed. In Nongla and Longhe villages,a soil and water conservation model that promoted the coordinated development of ecology and economy was created. However,the prevention of water and soil loss and the prevention of internal disasters in the karst area of Guangxi are not enough. Therefore,it is recommended to further strengthen the implementation of water and soil conservation projects for soil leakage,water logging and the loss of cultivated land resources in the karst areas of Guangxi.