北部湾海洋环流研究进展

Advances in Study of Beibu Gulf Circulation

关键词:  环流研究  最新进展  北部湾  琼州海峡

Key words:  circulation study  review and advances  Beibu Gulf  Qiongzhou Strait

摘要:

20世纪60年代初中越合作开展的北部湾海洋综合调查，分析北部湾潮汐和潮流运动，标志着北部湾物理海洋学研究工作的开始。此后的一些调查，例如1964-1971年中国科学院南海海洋研究所等利用投放大量漂流瓶来研究北部湾表层海流的试验、1980-1986年全国海岸带和海涂资源综合调查、1988-1995年全国海岛资源综合调查等，令人们对北部湾环流结构有了进一步认识。最近20年，不少学者通过调查资料和数值模拟方法分析北部湾季节性环流结构后得到与以往研究调查相反的观点。本文回顾近年来北部湾海洋环流研究的主要进展，阐述利用调查资料、数值计算等不同研究手段获得的对北部湾环流分布的整体认识，以及在环流结构方面存在的不同观点，进而介绍北部湾环流尤其是北部环流机制的一些新进展。以前的研究多认为北部湾环流主要受风场控制，夏季为反气旋式环流，冬季则为气旋式环流，然而近年研究发现北部湾夏季也为气旋式环流；也有人认为北部湾北部被气旋式环流控制，但南部环流呈反气旋式；在形成机制上，北部湾环流受地形、风、外海水、海水密度分布及河流冲淡水注入等影响呈现复杂的态势；风对北部湾北部环流形成有影响但不起主导作用；琼州海峡东部水进入北部湾对广西沿海气旋式环流的形成有着重要的影响。北部湾海洋环流与海域物质输运扩散密切相关，依托更精细化的数值计算手段，结合动力场探究近海海洋环境污染净化及生态平衡问题，是今后的重要发展趋势之一。

Abstract:

In the early 1960s, a comprehensive marine investigation of Beibu Gulf conducted by China-Vietnam cooperation to analyze the tide and tidal currents in Beibu Gulf marked the beginning of the physical oceanographic research in Beibu Gulf. The following series of investigations including the drift bottle experiments conducted by South China Sea Institute of the Chinese Academy of Sciences from 1964 to 1971,the comprehensive investigation of coastal zones and shoal resources of China from 1980 to 1986,and the comprehensive investigation of sea island resources of China from 1988 to 1995,had accumulated abundant information for further understanding the circulation structure of Beibu Gulf. In the past 20 years,researchers had tried to interpret the seasonal variation of circulation in Beibu Gulf based on numerical simulation and observational data, but they obtained opposite views compared with previous research investigation. In this paper the progress of study on Beibu Gulf circulation in recent years was reviewed. The overall understanding of the circulation distribution of Beibu Gulf obtained from different research methods such as survey data and numerical calculations was illustrated. The conflicting opinions upon the circulation structure were elaborated. Some new advances in Beibu Gulf circulation, especially the northern circulation mechanism were also introduced. Previously Beibu Gulf circulation was generally considered to be anticyclonic in summer and cyclonic in winter,which was dominantly controlled by the wind field. However, recent studies had found that Beibu Gulf was also a cyclonic circulation in summer. And some researchers believed that during summer in northern Beibu Gulf the cyclonic circulation dominated while anti-cyclonic circulation controlled the south. In terms of the formation mechanism, Beibu Gulf circulation presented a complex situation affected by terrain, wind, outer sea water, seawater density distribution and the river discharges into the sea. It was also revealed that the wind stress contributed in the formation of the northern circulation in Beibu Gulf,but it was not a predominant factor. The current from South China Sea through Qiongzhou Strait had a significant impact on the formation of cyclonic circulation in Guangxi coastal waters. The circulation of Beibu Gulf was closely related to the transportation and diffusion of substance in the sea waters. Relying on more sophisticated numerical calculation methods and combining the dynamic field to explore the offshore marine environmental pollution purification and ecological balance issues will be one of the important development trends in the future.