北部湾玉足海参和花刺参骨片结构与营养成分研究

Study on Morphological Character of Ossicles and Nutrient Composition of Holothuria leucospilota and Stichopus variegatus in the Beibu Gulf

关键词:  玉足海参  花刺参  骨片  电镜扫描  营养成分  北部湾

Key words:  Holothuria leucospilota  Stichopus variegatus  bone  scanning electronic microscope (SEM)  nutritive content  the Beibu Gulf

摘要:

为明确玉足海参（Holothuria leucospilota）和花刺参（Stichopus variegatus）的骨片结构及营养成分，本研究利用扫描电子显微镜观察玉足海参和花刺参的骨片，采用国家标准测定其营养成分。结果表明，玉足海参的骨片类型为桌形体、扣形体、穿孔板体，花刺参的骨片类型为桌形体、花纹样体、C形体。营养测定结果显示，玉足海参与花刺参含量最多的成分是水，分别为93.83%和96.63%，差异显著（P<0.05）。干物质中，粗蛋白质含量分别为52.90%、53.10%，灰分含量分别为36.80%、35.47%，均不存在显著性差异（P>0.05）；粗脂肪含量分别为1.15%、0.89%，存在显著性差异（P<0.05）；盐分含量分别为15.32%、23.16%，还原糖含量分别为0.63%、0.76%，总糖含量分别为1.74%、1.14%，存在极显著性差异（P<0.01）。本研究的结果丰富了玉足海参和花刺参基础生物学资料，同时营养分析结果表明2种海参均为高蛋白低脂的优质食品，有很高的经济价值，可以对其进一步开发利用。

Abstract:

In order to clarify the bone fragment structure and nutrient composition of Holothuria leucospilota and Stichopus variegates, this study used scanning electron microscope to observe the bone fragments,and the nutrient composition was determined by the unified method of national standard.The results showed that the ossicles types of H.leucospilota were table-shaped,button-shaped,and perforated plates,and the ossicles types of S.variegatus were table-shaped,C-shaped,and pattern-like bodies.Nutrition determination results showed that the most abundant component of H.leucospilota and S.variegatus was water,with 93.83% and 96.63% respectively,and the difference was significant (P<0.05).In dry matter,the content of crude protein was 53.10% and 52.90%,and the content of ash was 36.80% and 35.47%,without significant difference (P>0.05).The content of crude fat was 1.15% and 0.89%,respectively,and the difference was significant (P<0.05).The content of salt was 15.32% and 23.16%.The content of reducing sugar was 0.63% and 0.76%.The content of total sugar was 1.74% and 1.14% respectively,with extremely significant difference (P<0.01).The results of this study enriched the basic biological data of H.leucospilota and S.variegatus.At the same time,the results of nutritional analysis showed that H.leucospilota and S.variegatus were commercially important species because of their nutritional value with high protein and low fat,which had high economic value and can be further developed and utilized.