水环境中人工合成纳米银颗粒的来源、转化和生态毒性研究进展

Research Progress on Source,Transformation and Eco-toxicological Effect of Silver Nanoparticles in Aquatic Environment: A Review

关键词:  纳米银  环境因素  迁移转化  纳米毒性  水生生物

Key words:  silver nanoparticles  environmental factors  migration and transformation  nanotoxicity  aquatic organisms

摘要:

纳米银（AgNPs）因其抗菌特性而被广泛应用于纺织品、食品容器、化妆品、医疗产品、纳米功能塑料、涂料和家用电器等消费品中，从而增加了其向环境释放和人体暴露的机会。一旦进入水环境，AgNPs本身及其释放的银离子（Ag⁺）会经过复杂的物理化学转化，并在环境中积累，进而产生高度依赖环境条件调节的复杂毒理效应。因此，本文重点综述水生态环境中AgNPs的来源与现实环境浓度、可能的迁移转化规律及其在水环境中的毒理效应机制，认为今后需更加关注AgNPs在实际暴露场景和剂量条件下、多组学和多因素交互作用方面的研究，从而有助于深入了解AgNPs对水环境的毒理机制和风险评估。

Abstract:

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are widely used in textiles, food containers, cosmetics, medical products, nano-functional plastics, coatings, household appliances and other consumer products due to their antibacterial properties, thereby which increases the chance of AgNPs release to the environment and human exposure. Once entering into the aquatic environment, AgNPs themselves and their released silver ions (Ag⁺) will undergo complex physicochemical transformation and subsequently accumulate in the environment, resulting in complex toxicological effects highly dependent on environmental conditions. This paper focuses on the source, actual environmental concentration of AgNPs, possible migration and transformation rules, and its toxicological effect mechanism in aquatic environment. It is proposed that more attention should be paid to the study of multi-omics and multi-factor interaction of AgNPs under actual exposure scenarios and doses conditions, which will help to deeply understand the toxicological mechanism and risk assessment of AgNPs to the aquatic environment.