河口区水环境质量评价方法体系构建

Construction of Evaluation Method System of Water Environment Quality in Estuary Area

关键词:  河口区  水环境质量  评价体系  方法构建  钦州湾  廉州湾

Key words:  estuary area  water environment quality  evaluation system  method establishment  Qinzhou Bay  Lianzhou Bay

摘要:

河口是一个有别于河流和海洋的特殊区域，无论是《地表水环境质量标准》还是《海水水质标准》，都不适用于河口区。在我国的水环境管理体系中，河口未被列为一个单独的评价单元，通常使用《海水水质标准》（GB 3097-1997）对河口区进行评价，这种方式不能客观反映河口区水环境质量。本研究提出使用盐度对河口海域进行动态划界的方式划定河口区，并构建基于《地表水环境质量标准》（GB 3838-2002）、《海水水质标准》（GB 3097-1997）和盐度的河口区水环境质量评价方法体系。北部湾两个典型的河口区——钦州湾和廉州湾的应用案例说明，评价结果较真实地反映河口区水环境质量，评价方式适用性强，具有可操作性。该评价方法可较有效地衔接《地表水环境质量标准》（GB 3838-2002）和《海水水质标准》（GB 3097-1997），更有效地反映河口区水质实际状况，并容易推广应用于我国入海河口区，是针对我国当前河口区水质管理不足较为实用的解决办法。

Abstract:

Estuary is a special area different from river and ocean, neither Surface Water Environmental Quality Standard (GB 3838-2002) nor Sea Water Quality Standard (GB 3097-1997) is suitable for the estuary area. In China's water environment management system, estuary is not listed as a separate evaluation unit, and Seawater Quality Standard (GB 3097-1997) is usually used to evaluate the estuary area, which cannot objectively reflect the water environment quality of the estuary area.In this study, salinity was proposed to dynamically delimit the estuary area, and the evaluation method system of water environment quality in estuary area was constructed based on Surface Water Environmental Quality Standard (GB 3838-2002) and Sea Water Quality Standard (GB 3097-1997) and salinity. The application cases of two typical estuary areas in Beibu Gulf, Qinzhou Bay and Lianzhou Bay, showed that the evaluation results reflected the water environment quality of estuary area more truly, and the evaluation method had strong applicability and operability. The evaluation method can effectively connect the Surface Water Environmental Quality Standard (GB 3838-2002) and Seawater Quality Standard (GB 3097-1997), and can more effectively reflect the actual situation of water quality in the estuary area. It is easy to be popularized and applied in the estuary area of China, which is a practical method to solve the current water quality management in the estuary area of China.