喀斯特洞穴大型底栖动物群落结构与环境因子的关系——以贵州惠水3个洞穴为例

Relationships between Macrobenthic Community Structure and Environmental Factors in Karst Caves: A Case Study of Three Caves in Huishui,Guizhou Province

关键词:  喀斯特洞穴  大型底栖动物  群落结构  环境因子  水质评价

Key words:  karst cave  macrobenthos  community structure  environmental factors  water quality evaluation

摘要:

为了解喀斯特洞穴大型底栖动物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系，选择贵州省惠水县的龙洞、牛洞、龙潭洞作为研究对象，分析洞穴大型底栖动物的群落组成、现存量、生物多样性特征，并且运用Spearman相关性分析洞穴部分环境因子与底栖动物群落结构的关系，同时基于底栖动物生物学指数对洞穴水质作出评价。结果表明：夏、冬两季共采集到大型底栖动物39种，隶属4门5纲10目31科，以节肢动物和软体动物为主。洞穴大型底栖动物密度在季节上表现为夏季>冬季，在空间上表现为有光带>弱光带>黑暗带，生物量则无明显时空变化。Spearman相关性分析表明，夏季影响洞穴大型底栖动物群落结构的主要环境因子是光照强度、沉积物有机质和浊度，冬季影响洞穴大型底栖动物群落结构的主要环境因子是光照强度、总氮和水温。Shannon-Wiener指数、Margalef指数及科级水平生物指数(Family-Level Biotic Index,FBI) 3种生物指数评价洞穴水质状况有差异，FBI的评价结果与洞穴的实际水质情况更符合。

Abstract:

In order to understand the community structure of macrozoobenthos in karst caves and its relationship with environmental factors,Long cave,Niu cave and Longtan cave in Huishui County,Guizhou Province were selected as research objects to analyze the community composition,standing stock and biodiversity characteristics of macrobenthos in caves,and Spearman correlation was used to analyze the relationship between some environmental factors in caves and the community structure of macrobenthos.At the same time,the water quality of caves was evaluated based on the biological index of macrobenthos.The results showed that a total of 39 species of macrobenthos were collected in summer and winter,belonging to 4 phyla,5 classes,10 orders,31 families,mainly arthropods and mollusks.The density of macrobenthos in the cave showed summer>winter in season,and showed light zone>disphotic zone>dark zone in space,while the biomass had no obvious temporal and spatial variation.Spearman correlation analysis showed that the main environmental factors affecting the community structure of macrobenthos in caves in summer were light intensity,sediment organic matter and turbidity,and the main environmental factors affecting the community structure of macrobenthos in caves in winter were light intensity,total nitrogen and water temperature.Shannon-Wiener index,Margalef index and Family-Level Biotic Index (FBI) were different in evaluating the water quality of caves.The evaluation results of FBI were more consistent with the actual water quality of caves.