稻鱼共作下不同有机肥对水稻养分吸收利用效率的影响

Effects of Different Organic Fertilizers on Nutrient Uptake and Utilization Efficiency of Rice under Rice-fish Co-culture

关键词:  有机肥  稻鱼共作  土壤养分  籽粒产量  养分吸收利用

Key words:  organic fertilizer  rice-fish co-culture  soil nutrients  grain yield  uptake and utilization of nutrient

摘要:

研究有机肥替代化学氮肥对稻鱼共作下水稻产量、养分吸收利用及土壤养分的影响，可为稻田化肥减量增效提供依据。田间试验设置常规水稻单作配施化肥(CK)、稻鱼共作配施化肥(CF)、稻鱼共作配施有机肥(OF)、稻鱼共作配施复合微生物肥(MF) 4个处理，分析了相同施氮量下不同有机肥处理稻鱼共作水稻产量、干物质量、养分吸收与利用效率以及土壤性质的差异。结果表明：(1)与CK相比，CF和OF处理的水稻籽粒产量分别减少2.53%和0.16%，MF处理增加11.23%，处理间差异不显著(P≥0.05)；稻鱼共作下水稻氮收获指数显著提高，同时，水稻磷素和钾素的偏生产力、籽粒生产效率、干物质生产效率和收获指数均有不同程度提高，以MF处理的提升效果最好。(2)稻鱼共作下不同有机肥处理的水稻籽粒养分含量存在显著差异(P＜0.05)，氮、钾含量均为MF＞OF，磷含量则相反。(3)不同处理间土壤pH值、有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量均无显著差异(P≥0.05)。综上，稻鱼共作模式下以有机肥或复合微生物肥全量替代化学氮肥均能稳定水稻产量、维持土壤肥力、提高肥料利用效率。

Abstract:

The effects of organic fertilizer instead of chemical nitrogen fertilizer on rice yield,nutrient uptake and utilization and soil nutrients under rice-fish co-culture were studied,which could provide a basis for reducing the consumption of chemical fertilizer and increasing production efficiency in paddy fields.Four treatments were set in the field experiment:single-cropping rice combined with Chemical Fertilizer (CK),rice-fish co-culture combined with Chemical Fertilizer (CF),rice-fish co-culture combined with Organic Fertilizer (OF),and rice-fish co-culture combined with Microbial Fertilizer (MF).The effects of different organic fertilizers on rice yield,dry matter weight,nutrient uptake and utilization efficiency and soil properties under the same nitrogen application rate were studied.The results showed that,(1)Compared with CK treatment,the rice grain yield decreased by 2.53% and 0.16% in CF and OF treatment,and increased by 11.23% in MF treatment.There was no significant difference between treatments (P≥0.05).The nitrogen harvest index of rice was significantly increased under rice-fish co-culture.At the same time,the partial productivity of phosphorus and potassium,grain production efficiency,dry matter production efficiency and harvest index of rice were improved in different degrees,and the improvement effect of MF treatment was the best.(2) There were significant differences in grain nutrient contents among different organic fertilizer treatments under rice-fish co-culture (P<0.05).The content of nitrogen and potassium were MF>OF,while the content of phosphorus was opposite.(3) There were no significant differences in soil pH value,organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,total potassium,alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium contents among different treatments (P≥0.05).In conclusion,replacing chemical nitrogen fertilizer with organic fertilizer or compound microbial fertilizer can stabilize rice yield,maintain soil fertility and improve fertilizer use efficiency under rice-fish co-culture mode.