基于GC-MS的6种石斛花朵挥发性成分分析

Analysis of Volatile Components in Six Species of Dendrobium Flowers based on GC-MS

关键词:  石斛花朵  挥发性成分  固相微萃取  气相色谱-质谱联用

Key words:  Dendrobium flower  volatile components  solid phase microextraction  gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

摘要:

为了解石斛（Dendrobium）花朵的挥发性成分，本文以罗河石斛（D.lohohense）、球花石斛（D.thyrsiflorum）、喇叭唇石斛（D.lituiflorum）、紫瓣石斛（D.parishii）、黄石斛（D.catenatum）和始兴石斛（D.shixingense）的花朵为材料，采用固相微萃取法（SPME）结合气相色谱-质谱联用（GC-MS）技术分析6种石斛花朵的挥发性成分的种类及其相对含量。结果显示：（1）从6种石斛花朵中共鉴别出106种挥发性物质，主要成分为萜烯类、烷烃类、酯类等；6种石斛均含有萜烯类和烷烃类，其中罗河石斛中萜烯类成分相对含量较高（88.68%），球花石斛中烷烃类成分相对含量较高（72.38%）。（2） 6种石斛花朵均含有十甲基环戊硅氧烷，并且该成分在球花石斛、紫瓣石斛、黄石斛和始兴石斛中的相对含量较高，分别为22.04%、25.86%、20.58%和21.66%。（3）罗河石斛花中的α-蒎烯、β-水芹烯和D-柠檬烯相对含量较高，分别为26.66%、22.96%和13.77%；罗勒烯在喇叭唇石斛中的相对含量高达73.98%。综上，6种石斛花朵中挥发性成分种类和含量不尽相同，个别石斛花朵的特征性挥发性成分可能是其独特香味来源之一。研究结果对香型石斛种类的选育及其衍生产品的开发具有重要参考价值。

Abstract:

Dendrobium flowers are distinct in term of external shape, flower structure, color and volatile phytocomponents. To unravel the volatile component consititution with potential beneficial effects on human health in different Dendrobium flowers, we applied olid phase microextraction (SPME) combined with gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS).D.lohohense, D.thyrsiflorum, D.lituiflorum, D.parishii, D.catenatum and D.shixingense were selected as reprentative materials in this study.Our results showed that:(1) A total of 106 volatile compounds were identified from 6 species of Dendrobium.The main components are terpenes, alkanes, esters, etc, among which, the relative content of terpenoids in D.lohohense was higher (88.68%); while D.fhyrsiflorum had a higher relative content of alkane components (72.38%). (2) Decamethylcyclopentosiloxane was ubiquitous in the flower of six species, higher level of which was found in D.thyrsiflorum, D.parishii, D.catenatum and D.shixingense, with 22.04%, 25.86%, 20.58% and 21.66%.(3) The amount of α-pinene, β-phellandrene and D-limonene in D.lohohense flowers were relatively abundant, with 26.66%, 22.96% and 13.77%, respectively. The relative content of basil in D.lituiflorum reached 73.98%. In summary, compositions and contents of volatile components in six species of Dendrobium flowers are different, and individual Dendrobium has characteristic volatile components, which may be one of its unique sources of aroma.The results of this study are of reference value for the breeding of fragrant Dendrobium species and the development of derivative products.