秦皇岛昌黎邻近海域青岛文昌鱼资源调查及大型底栖动物群落特征研究

Investigation of Branchiostoma tsingdauense Resources and Community Characteristics of Macrobenthos in Changli Adjacent Sea Area, Qinhuangdao

关键词:  昌黎邻近海域  大型底栖动物  青岛文昌鱼  群落结构  海洋生态健康

Key words:  Changli adjacent sea area  macrobenthos  Branchiostoma tsingdauense  community structure  marine ecosystem health

摘要:

为了解秦皇岛昌黎邻近海域国家二级保护动物青岛文昌鱼(Branchiostoma tsingdauense)的资源现状,科学评价该海域底栖环境生态健康状况,于2021年春、夏两季在昌黎邻近海域设置24个站位进行大型底栖动物及环境要素的调查监测,并使用香农-威纳(Shannon-Wiener)多样性指数及AZTI海洋生物指数(AMBI)、多变量AZTI海洋生物指数(M-AMBI)对昌黎邻近海域大型底栖动物群落健康状况进行评价。调查结果表明:2021年夏季昌黎邻近海域青岛文昌鱼平均生物密度为5 ind./m²,处于近年调查的最低水平。春、夏两季昌黎邻近海域青岛文昌鱼均以Ⅲ龄鱼为主,种群年龄结构出现异常现象。春、夏两季共采集到大型底栖动物89种,两季大型底栖动物群落结构存在一定差异,物种更替率较高。两季大型底栖动物平均生物密度为138 ind./m²,平均生物量为20.95 g/m²,平均Shannon-Wiener多样性指数为2.11。Shannon-Wiener多样性指数及AMBI、M-AMBI指数等生态健康评价方法评价结果相近,结果表明调查海域底栖生态系统受到一定程度的扰动,相较于春季,夏季受人为扰动程度更强。

Abstract:

In order to understand the current situation of Branchiostoma tsingdauense resources,a national second-class protected animal in the adjacent sea area of Changli,Qinhuangdao,and scientifically evaluate the ecological health status of the benthic environment in the waters,24 stations were set up in the adjacent sea area of Changli in the spring and summer of 2021 to investigate the macrobenthos and environmental factors.The Shannon-Wiener diversity index and AZTI Marine Biological Index (AMBI) and Multivariate AZTI Marine Biological Index (M-AMBI) were used to evaluate the health status of macrobenthos communities in the adjacent sea area of Changli.The investigation results showed that the average density of B.tsingdauense in the adjacent sea area of Changli in summer of 2021 was 5 ind./m²,which was the lowest level in recent years.In spring and summer,the B.tsingdauense in the adjacent sea area of Changli was dominated by Ⅲ-year-old fish,and the abnormal phenomenon appeared in population age structure.A total of 89 species of macrozoobenthos were collected in spring and summer.There were some differences in the community structure of macrozoobenthos between the two seasons,and the species replacement rate was higher.The average density of macrobenthos was 138 ind./m² and the average biomass was 20.95 g/m²,and the average Shannon-Wiener diversity index was 2.11.The evaluation results of Shannon-Wiener diversity index,AMBI index,M-AMBI index and other ecological health evaluation methods were similar.The results showed that the benthic ecosystem in the survey area was disturbed to a certain extent.Compared with spring,the benthic ecosystem was more disturbed by human disturbance in summer.