贵州习水国家级自然保护区大型底栖动物群落结构及水质评价

Macroinvertebrate Community Structure and Water Quality Evaluation in Xishui National Nature Reserve of Guizhou Province

关键词:  大型底栖动物  群落结构  水质评价  贵州习水国家级自然保护区

Key words:  macroinvertebrate  community structure  water quality assessment  Xishui National Nature Reserve of Guizhou Province

摘要:

为了解贵州习水国家级自然保护区(以下简称“习水保护区”)大型底栖动物资源及水质现状，于2022年7月(丰水期)及2022年11月(平水期)对习水保护区5个管理站内的大型底栖动物进行采样调查，分析习水保护区大型底栖动物群落结构物种组成、优势种、密度、生物量及生物多样性特征，并基于水质理化参数及生物指数对保护区水质进行综合评价。结果表明，丰水期和平水期共采集大型底栖动物45种，隶属3门6纲13目37科，其中昆虫纲(Insecta)占比最多(35种，占77.80%)。优势种为中华沼螺Parafossarulus sinensis、扁蜉Heptagenia sp.、扁蚴蜉Ecdyonurus sp.、纯襀 Paragnetina sp.、四节蜉 Baetis sp.。从时间上看，平水期的密度和生物量均大于丰水期，丰水期的群落生物多样性指数大于平水期；从空间上看，密度大小排序为蔺江管理站>大白塘管理站>小坝管理站>长嵌沟管理站>三岔河管理站；生物量大小排序为蔺江管理站>小坝管理站>长嵌沟管理站>三岔河管理站>大白塘管理站。Shannon-Wiener多样性指数的大小排序为大白塘管理站>小坝管理站>长嵌沟管理站>三岔河管理站>蔺江管理站。不同指数显示的习水保护区水质结果不同，水质理化参数结果表明习水保护区水质为Ⅱ类水，水质较好；Shannon-Wiener多样性指数表明保护区水质为轻污染状态；生物指数(BI)显示保护区水质为清洁型。结合水质理化参数及保护区大型底栖动物优势种的耐污值结果可知，生物指数的结果更符合保护区实际的水质情况。本研究结果表明习水保护区大型底栖动物以水生昆虫为主，水质为清洁型。

Abstract:

In order to understand the resources and water quality of macrobenthos in Xishui National Nature Reserve of Guizhou Province (hereinafter referred to as the “Xishui Reserve”),the macrobenthos in five management stations of Xishui Reserve were sampled and investigated in July 2022 (wet season) and November 2022 (normal season).The species composition,dominant species,density,biomass and biodiversity characteristics of macrobenthos community structure in Xishui Reserve were analyzed,and the water quality of Xishui Reserve was comprehensively evaluated based on physical and chemical parameters and biological indexes of water quality.The evaluation results showed that a total of 45 species of macrobenthos were collected during the wet season and the normal season,belonging to 3 phyla,6 classes,13 orders and 37 families.Among them,Insecta accounted for the most (35 species,accounting for 77.80%).The dominant species were Parafossarulus sinensis,Heptagenia sp.,Ecdyonurus sp.,Paragnetina sp.and Baetis sp.In terms of time,the density and biomass in the normal water period were greater than those in the wet period,and the community biodiversity index in the wet period was greater than that in the normal water period.From the perspective of space,the order of density is Linjiang management station>Dabaitang management station>Xiaoba management station>Changchagou management station>Sanchahe management station.The order of biomass size is Linjiang management station>Xiaoba management station>Changqiangou management station>Sanchahe management station>Dabaitang management station.The order of Shannon-Wiener diversity index was Dabaitang management station>Xiaoba management station>Changqiangou management station>Sanchahe management station>Linjiang management station.The results of physical and chemical parameters of water quality show that the water quality of Xishui Reserve is in Class Ⅱ water,and the water quality is good.The Shannon-Wiener diversity index shows that the water quality of the reserve is lightly polluted,and the Biological Index (BI) shows that the water quality of the reserve is clean.Combined with the physical and chemical parameters of water quality and the results of the pollution tolerance of the dominant species of macrobenthos in the reserve,this study believes that the results of BI are more in line with the actual water quality of the reserve.The results of this study showe that the macrobenthos in Xishui Reserve are mainly aquatic insects,and the water quality is clean.