新污染物环境生态效应研究热点

Research Hotspots on Ecological Effects of Emerging Contaminants on the Environment

关键词:  新污染物  生态毒理  生物富集  生物修复

Key words:  emerging contaminants  ecotoxicology  bioaccumulation  bioremediation

摘要:

新污染物(Emerging contaminants)是指新发现或新被关注的一类具有生物毒性、环境持久性和生物累积性等特征，并危害人体健康和生态环境安全的污染物(如塑料、纳米材料和抗生素等)。典型代表包括持久性有机污染物(Persistent Organic Pollutants，POPs)、内分泌干扰物(Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals，EDCs)、抗生素和微塑料。本研究利用VOSviewe软件对Web of Science数据库进行关键词热点分析，结果显示，当前研究集中在新污染物检测方法和监测技术、生物降解和生物转化机制、生物富集和生物放大效应、生态系统影响和生态风险评估、毒理学效应和修复技术等方面，同时总结了近5年新污染物的环境生态效应研究热点，为科研机构和企业等单位提供研究方向，助力新污染物的高效、低成本解决，并为生态环境保护工作中新污染物的防范治理提供理论参考。

Abstract:

Emerging contaminants,or contaminants of emerging concern,are a class of contaminants (such as plastics,nanomaterials,and antibiotics) characterized by biotoxicity,environmental persistence,and bioaccumulation,posing a threat to human health and eco-environment safety.Typical examples of these contaminants include Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs),Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals (EDCs),antibiotics,and microplastics.VOSviewer was used to analyze keywords of this field in the Web of Science.The results indicated that available studies of emerging contaminants predominantly focused on the detection and monitoring,mechanisms of biodegradation and biotransformation,bioaccumulation and biomagnification,ecological impacts and risk assessment,toxicological effects,and remediation technologies.This paper summarizes the research hotspots on the environmental and ecological effects of emerging contaminants over the past five years,aiming to provide strategic directions for research institutions and industry stakeholders,support the efficient and cost-effective mitigation of emerging contaminants and offer theoretical guidance for their management in ongoing and future environmental protection efforts.