基于InVEST模型的广西生境质量时空变化研究

Temporal and Spatial Variation Study of Habitat Quality in Guangxi Based on the InVEST Model

关键词:  InVEST模型  生境质量  莫兰指数

Key words:  invest model  habitat quality  Moran"s Index

摘要:

生境质量是衡量区域生态系统健康状况和生物多样性保护成效的重要指标，对维护生态平衡和推进可持续发展具有重要意义。而土地利用变化作为人类活动对自然环境影响的直接体现，已成为导致生境质量变化的关键因素之一。本研究聚焦广西壮族自治区，在分析其2000-2020土地利用变化的基础上，采用InVEST模型评估区域生境质量变化，并以县域为基本单元，结合双变量地图分析生境质量与退化度的空间关联特征。结果表明：1）2000-2020年，广西建设用地显著增加，而耕地和草地面积有所减少，城镇化和工业化进程是驱动土地利用格局变化的主要力量；2）生境质量退化度指数呈现一定的波动性，区域内优良生境仍占主导地位但呈现轻微的下降趋势，在城镇和农业活动频繁区更为突出，呈现出由内而外递减的空间分异特征；3）生境质量的空间自相关性呈现增强的态势，"低低"聚类区主要分布在市辖区及其邻近地区，并有向周边蔓延的趋势，"高高"聚类区则集中在经济欠发达或人类活动较少的北部山区和东部大瑶山等县域，但随时间推移有收缩的迹象。基于上述结果，本研究建议广西应加强城市周边和生态脆弱区的保护力度，控制城市无序蔓延，优化土地利用布局；同时在生境质量较高的区域建立自然保护区或生态公园，以维护区域生态系统的稳定性。

Abstract:

Habitat quality is an important indicator for measuring the health status of regional ecosystems and the effectiveness of biodiversity conservation, playing a crucial role in maintaining ecological balance and advancing sustainable development. As a direct manifestation of human activities on the natural environment, changes in land use have become one of the key factors leading to changes in habitat quality. This study focuses on the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region. Based on the analysis of land use changes from 2000 to 2020, the InVEST model is used to assess changes in regional habitat quality. Taking the county as the basic unit, the spatial correlation characteristics of habitat quality and degradation are analyzed using bivariate maps. The results show that: 1) From 2000 to 2020, there was a significant increase in construction land in Guangxi, while the area of cultivated land and grassland decreased. Urbanization and industrialization are the main forces driving changes in land use patterns; 2) The habitat degradation index shows a certain volatility, with excellent habitats still dominating the region but showing a slight downward trend, especially prominent in areas with frequent urban and agricultural activities, presenting a spatial differentiation characteristic of decreasing from the inside out; 3) The spatial autocorrelation of habitat quality shows a trend of strengthening, with "low-low" clustering areas mainly distributed in municipal districts and their adjacent areas, showing a trend of spreading to surrounding areas, while "high-high" clustering areas are concentrated in economically underdeveloped areas or areas with less human activity, such as the northern mountains and Dayao Mountain in the east, but show signs of shrinking over time. Based on these results, this study suggests that Guangxi should strengthen the protection of areas around cities and ecologically vulnerable areas, control the disorderly spread of cities, and optimize land use layout; at the same time, natural reserves or ecological parks should be established in areas with high habitat quality to maintain the stability of regional ecosystems.