万宁小海海域重金属污染现状及人体暴露风险评价

Evaluation of Heavy Metals Pollution and Risk Assessment of Human Dietary Exposure in Wanning Xiaohai

关键词:  万宁小海  海水  生物体  重金属  生物富集  健康风险

Key words:  Wanning Xiaohai  seawater  organisms  heavy metal  pollution characteristics  risk assessment  

摘要:

为了解万宁小海海水和鱼类生物体中重金属的污染现状及食入健康风险，选择万宁小海海水和常见的经济鱼类作为研究对象，测定海水和鱼类肌肉组织中的6种重金属Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Hg和As的含量，采用单因子指数法(Pi,j)和生物富集系数法(BCF)评价生物体污染程度，并采用目标危险系数(THQ)来评估摄入重金属对人体的健康风险。结果表明，小海海水中Cu、Zn、Cd、As含量符合第一类海水标准，Hg和Pb含量整体处于第二类海水水质标准范围内，潮汐通道处出现个别站位的Pb超出管理要求的水平，为第三类海水水质标准。与国内其他海域相比，小海Pb和Cd含量相对较高，Hg处于中等水平，Cu、As、Zn处于较低水平；与历史数据相比，Pb和Hg污染加剧。本研究的鱼类体内Zn、Hg和As富集明显，Pb和Cd的富集较弱，部分鱼类As含量超出了《食品中污染物限量》。单因子污染指数和目标危害系数评价结果显示，小海常见的鱼类体内As、Hg不仅出现轻度污染，As还是主要的食用健康风险元素。因此，小海海域的海水和鱼类金属污染应当引起关注，监管部门应加强对海水中Pb、Hg和鱼类体内As、Hg含量的预警及监测，防止重金属的污染危害人体健康。

Abstract:

In order to understand the pollution status of heavy metals in the seawater and fish organisms of Wanning Xiaohai and the health risk of ingestion, the seawater of Wanning Xiaohai and common economic fish were selected as the research objects, and the contents of 6 heavy metals Cu, Pb, Zn, Cd, Hg and As in seawater and the muscle tissue of fish were determined. Single-factor index method (Pi,j) and bioenrichment coefficient method (BCF) were used to evaluate the degree of biological contamination, and target risk factor (THQ) was used to assess the health risk of ingesting heavy metals. The results showed that the contents of Cu, Zn, Cd and As in Xiaohai seawater were in line with the first class seawater standard, while the contents of Hg and Pb were within the scope of the second class seawater quality standard as a whole, and Pb in some stations at the tidal channel exceeded the management requirements, which was the third class seawater quality standard. Compared with other sea areas in China, Pb and Cd contents in Xiaohai were relatively high, Hg was at a medium level, Cu, As and Zn were at a low level. Compared with the historical data, Pb and Hg pollution increased. In this study, the concentration of Zn, Hg and As in fish was obvious, while the concentration of Pb and Cd was weak, and the content of As in some fish exceeded the limits of Pollutants in Food. The evaluation results of single factor pollution index and target hazard coefficient showed that As and Hg in common fish in small sea were not only mildly polluted, but also the main dietary health risk elements. Therefore, the metal pollution of seawater and fish in the Xiaohai should be concerned, and the regulatory authorities should strengthen the early warning and monitoring of Pb and Hg in seawater and As and Hg in fish to prevent the pollution of heavy metals from endangering human health.