基于InVEST模型的漓江流域景观格局及生境质量时空演变分析

Spatiotemporal Analysis of Landscape Pattern and Habitat Quality in the Lijiang River Basin Based on the InVEST Model

关键词:  生境质量  景观格局  时空动态变化  漓江流域

Key words:  habitat quality  landscape pattern  spatiotemporal dynamic changes  Lijiang River Basin

摘要:

流域生境常常受到自然环境与人类活动相互作用的影响，脆弱的生态平衡极易被打破，研究流域生境质量变化对受损生境的重建具有重要意义。基于ArcGIS软件、InVEST模型对漓江流域1990-2020年景观格局与生境质量进行了评估，利用空间分析方法探究其时空格局变化特征及相关性。结果表明：（1）1990-2020年漓江流域总体景观格局以耕地、林地为主，占比超过80%，耕地比重从23.88%下降到22.75%，其中大部分转化为建设用地，景观格局趋于破碎化，景观复杂程度不断增加；（2）从流域整体分析，生境质量总体处于中等以上水平，1990年、2000年、2010年和2020年的生境平均质量分别为0.71、0.71、0.7和0.68，呈现逐年下降趋势，低质量生境区域面积有所扩大，特别是在流域中部核心区，生境质量的下降趋势明显，生境质量与聚集度指数、多样性指数、水域和林地面积均存在较强的相关性。在生态环境治理的作用下，漓江流域的景观生态格局得以改善，有效抑制了生境质量的退化，为河流生态系统的综合治理和生态修复提供科学参考。

Abstract:

The habitat of a river basin is often affected by the interaction between natural environments and human activities, making its fragile ecological balance easily disrupted. Studying changes in basin habitat quality is crucial for the restoration of damaged habitats. This study assesses the landscape pattern and habitat quality of the Lijiang River Basin from 1990 to 2020 using ArcGIS software and the InVEST model, and explores the characteristics and correlations of its spatiotemporal pattern changes through spatial analysis methods. The results show that: (1) From 1990 to 2020, the overall landscape pattern of the Lijiang River Basin was dominated by cultivated land and forest land, accounting for over 80%. The proportion of cultivated land decreased from 23.88% to 22.75%, with most of it being converted to construction land, leading to a trend towards landscape fragmentation and increasing landscape complexity. (2) On a basin-wide scale, habitat quality was generally at a medium to high level. The average quality of habitats in 1990, 2000, 2010 and 2020 were 0.71, 0.71, 0.7 and 0.68, respectively, showing a downward trend. Low-quality areas continued to increase, with significant spatial differentiation. The ecological habitat advantages of the central core area significantly declined. Habitat quality was strongly correlated with the aggregation index, diversity index, and the areas of water and forest land. Under the influence of ecological environment management, the landscape ecological pattern of the Lijiang River Basin has improved, effectively curbing habitat degradation. This provides a scientific reference for the comprehensive management and ecological restoration of river ecosystems.