漓江喀斯特自然遗产地传统村落景观演变与植物景观特征分析

Characterization of Landscape Evolution and Botanical Landscape Analysis of Traditional Villages in Lijiang Karst Natural Heritage Site

关键词:  漓江喀斯特峰丛区  自然遗产地  传统村落  景观演变  植物多样性

Key words:  Li River Karst Peak District  natural heritage sites  traditional villages  landscape evolution  plant diversity

摘要:

传统村落是人类与自然长期互动的产物，其景观演变反映区域生态环境与经济社会发展历程，正确理解人地关系，对生态环境保护和区域可持续发展具有重要意义。为探明漓江流域传统村落景观格局动态及其植物多样性变化，本文以世界自然遗产地-南方喀斯特漓江峰丛核心区的国家级传统村落为对象，基于2002-2022年高清遥感影像，分析提取景观数据，结合地面植物多样性调查，探究植物景观特征及其与传统村落整体景观格局变化的关系。结果表明：林地是主要的土地利用类型且略有增加 (增加4.13%)，果园地、陆地水域和建设用地面积较20年前分别增长340.27%、37.62%和22.11%，而耕地、草地和裸地面积则分别减少了39.85%、119.73%和78.42%；研究区景观异质性和复杂性降低；林地集聚度显著增强，耕地、草地和裸地减少分散，建设用地扩张且分散，园地趋于聚集。自然遗产地喀斯特峰丛核心区6个传统村落常见植物431种，110科；村落范围植物景观由外到内分别为：生态型植物景观—生产型植物景观—生活型植物景观；林地、园地和建设用地面积变化率分别与生态、经济和观赏功能占比呈显著正相关，而裸地变化率与生态功能呈显著负相关关系。随着漓江喀斯特自然遗产地保护力度加大，核心区传统村落景观格局逐渐优化，山地生产功能减弱，生态功能提升，植物多样性和观赏性增强。该研究可为传统村落景观保护和生态系统适应性管理提供科学参考。

Abstract:

Traditional villages are the products of long-term interaction between human beings and nature, and their landscape evolution reflects the course of regional ecological environment and economic and social development, which is of great significance to ecological environmental protection and sustainable development of the region by correctly understanding the relationship between human beings and the land. In order to explore the dynamics of the landscape pattern of traditional villages in the Li River Basin and the changes in their plant diversity, this paper takes the national traditional villages in the core area of the Li River Peak Cluster of the Southern Karst, a World Natural Heritage Site, as the object, and analyzes and extracts the landscape data based on the high-definition remote sensing imagery from 2002 to 2022, and combines with the survey of plant diversity on the ground, to explore the characteristics of the plant landscapes and their relationship with the changes in the overall landscape pattern of the traditional villages. The results showed that: forest land is the main land use type with a slight increase (by 4.13%), the areas of orchard land, terrestrial water and construction land increased by 340.27%, 37.62% and 22.11% respectively compared with that of 20 years ago, and the areas of arable land, grassland and bare land decreased by 39.85%, 119.73% and 78.42% respectively; the heterogeneity and complexity of the landscape in the study area decreased; the degree of forest land clustering decreased significantly; the degree of forest land clustering decreased significantly; and the landscape heterogeneity and complexity in the study area decreased by 4.13%, while the area of traditional villages was reduced by 2%. decreased; forest land agglomeration increased significantly, cultivated land, grassland and bare land decreased and dispersed, construction land expanded and dispersed, and garden land tended to be aggregated. There are 431 species and 110 families of common plants in the six traditional villages in the core area of Karst Peak Tree in the natural heritage site; the plant landscapes in the village range from the outside to the inside are: ecological plant landscapes - productive plant landscapes - living plant landscapes; the rate of change of the area of woodland, garden land and construction land is significantly positively correlated with the ratio of ecological, economic and ornamental functions, while the rate of change of bare land is significantly positively correlated with the ratio of ecological, economic and ornamental functions. positively correlated with ecological, economic and ornamental functions, while the rate of change of bare land was significantly negatively correlated with ecological functions. With the increased protection of the Lijiang Karst Natural Heritage Site, the landscape pattern of traditional villages in the core area was gradually optimized, the production function of the mountainous area was weakened, the ecological function was improved, and the plant diversity and ornamental nature were enhanced. This study can provide scientific reference for traditional village landscape protection and ecosystem adaptive management.