山东东营近海秋冬季强海况下波流耦合效应的数值模拟研究

Numerical study on the effects of wave-current interaction under serious sea conditions in Dongying offshore, Shandong Province

关键词:  海上光伏  水动力环境  波流耦合  数值模拟

Key words:  offshore photovoltaics  hydrodynamic environment  wave-current coupling  numerical simulation

摘要:

在“双碳”目标的指引下，海上光伏工程突破了土地和消纳空间约束，已成为光伏工程当前发展新的“蓝海”。与此同时，严苛的海洋环境，特别是秋冬季强海况，也对海上光伏工程的建设施工提出了更高的要求。本文以山东东营近海海上光伏工程为例，在充分考虑风、浪、流的基础上，采用MIKE21 FM潮流数学模型和MIKE21 SW新一代波浪谱数学模型，数值模拟了秋冬季强海况下的波浪耦合效应，厘定了其贡献幅度和关键控制因素。数值模拟结果显示，波流耦合效应对潮位的影响有限，主要表现为对流速和流向的影响。在大于7 m/s的强风条件下，涨急时刻流速降幅最高可达60 %，落急时刻流速增幅可达70 %以上，局部增幅甚至超过100 %，流向偏转可达60°以上，局部超过120°。波流耦合效应的贡献幅度取决于风场强度和水深地形，风场强度越大，水深越浅，流速和流向更易受到波浪辐射应力的影响。本研究数据对于厘定山东东营近海浅水区水动力环境，做好秋冬季强海况下海上工程安全建设具有重要的参考意义。

Abstract:

Under the guidance of the carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goal, offshore photovoltaic projects have broken through the constraints of land and power consumption space, becoming a new "blue ocean" for the current development of offshore photovoltaic engineering. Meanwhile, the harsh marine environment, especially during autumn and winter season, poses higher requirements for the construction of offshore photovoltaic projects. Taking the offshore photovoltaic project in Dongying, Shandong as an example, this paper fully considers the effects of wind, waves, and currents, using the MIKE21 FM hydrodynamic model and the MIKE21 SW new-generation wave spectrum model to numerically simulate the wave-current coupling effects under strong sea conditions, and identifies the extent of their contribution and key controlling factors. The simulation results show that the wave-current coupling effect has a limited impact on tidal levels, mainly influencing current speed and direction. Under strong wind conditions exceeding 7 m/s, the current speed during flood peaks decreases by up to 60%, while it increases by more than 70% during ebb peaks, with local increases even exceeding 100%. The current direction can deviate by over 60°, and locally, even by more than 120°. The extent of the wave-current coupling effect depends on wind field intensity and bathymetry, with stronger wind fields and shallower waters making current speed and direction more susceptible to wave radiation stress. This study provides significant reference value for constraining the hydrodynamic environment of shallow water near Dongying, Shandong, and ensuring safe construction and protection of offshore photovoltaic projects during the autumn and winter season.