武夷山国家公园生境质量演变及归因分析

Evolution and Attribution Analysis of Habitat Quality in Wuyishan National Park

关键词:  武夷山国家公园  生境质量  InVEST模型  地理探测器

Key words:  Wuyishan National Park  Habitat Quality  InVEST Model  Geographical Detector

摘要:

武夷山国家公园是首批设立的五个国家公园之一,以其独特的生态环境和丰富的生物多样性成为研究生境质量变化及其影响机制的重要典型区域。本研究基于多期土地利用数据,运用土地利用转移矩阵和InVEST模型,系统分析了2000至2020年间武夷山国家公园的土地利用变化及其对生境质量的影响。同时,结合生态贡献率分析和地理探测器方法,探讨了自然条件和社会经济因素对生境质量的共同作用。研究结果发现,2000年至2020年间,森林覆盖率持续增长,而草地面积逐渐缩减。同时,耕地和建设用地的变动保持相对平稳,水体面积则有轻微的增长。生境质量分析表明,低质量和较低质量生境显著减少,中质量和较高质量生境逐步扩展,公园整体生境质量呈现从较差向较好发展的趋势。生态贡献率分析结果指出,草地和耕地向林地的转化是推动生境质量改善的主要因素,尤其是耕地转为林地对生境质量的提升贡献最大。通过地理探测器分析,发现武夷山国家公园的生态系统主要受自然条件影响,其中气温、降水和地形等自然因素在生境质量的空间分布中具有最显著的影响力,而社会经济因素(如GDP和人口密度)的影响相对较小。本研究为武夷山国家公园的生态保护和管理提供了科学依据。

Abstract:

Wuyishan National Park is one of the first five national parks established and, due to its unique ecological environment and rich biodiversity, has become an important model area for studying habitat quality changes and their driving mechanisms. This study, based on multi-phase land use data, employs the land use transition matrix and the InVEST model to systematically analyze the land use changes in Wuyishan National Park from 2000 to 2020 and their effects on habitat quality. Meanwhile, through ecological contribution rate analysis and the geographical Detector method, the study explores the influence of natural conditions and socio-economic factors on the habitat quality. The results show that from 2000 to 2020, forest land continuously expanded, grassland area gradually decreased, cultivated land and construction land remained relatively stable, and water area slightly increased. Habitat quality analysis shows that low- and lower-quality habitats were significantly reduced, while medium- and higher-quality habitats gradually expanded, with the park"s overall habitat quality showing a trend of improvement from poor to better. Ecological contribution rate analysis results indicate that the conversion of grassland and cultivated land to forest land is the primary factor driving habitat quality improvement, with the conversion of cultivated land to forest land contributing the most to the enhancement of habitat quality. Through geographical Detector analysis, it was found that the ecosystem of Wuyishan National Park is primarily driven by natural conditions, with natural factors such as temperature, precipitation, and terrain having the most significant impact on the spatial distribution of habitat quality, while socio-economic factors (such as GDP and population density) have relatively smaller effects. This study provides a scientific basis for the ecological conservation and management of Wuyishan National Park.