一种便于存储的可扩展公有链技术

An Easily Storable and Scalable Public Blockchain Technology

关键词:  RSA累加器  分片  无状态区块链

Key words:  RSA accumulator  sharding  stateless blockchain

摘要:

区块链已广泛应用于数字货币、金融交易、智能合约、存储和通信等多个领域,有效解决了在不可信环境下建立信任的根本难题。尽管如此,公有链目前仍面临因较低的系统吞吐率和账本数据持续增长的难题。为应对这些难题,本文提出了LightChain:一种便于存储的轻量级可扩展技术。该技术在不牺牲去中心化和安全性的前提下,结合分片技术实现了高吞吐和低存储的目标。LightChain首先通过无状态区块链设计和使用RSA累加器对状态进行压缩,显著降低了验证节点对磁盘和内存的需求。此外,该技术将无状态区块链应用于分片技术架构,解决了因分片周期性随机重组导致的低吞吐率,进而提升了分片重组的频率和系统的安全性。在实验评估中,LightChain作为一种创新的无状态区块链解决方案,将基于UTXO(Unspent Transaction Outputs)的区块链系统状态压缩到两个RSA累加器中,在承诺更新的复杂性和交易证明的大小上都显示出优势,实验结果表明该方法能够显著降低节点的存储压力并线性提升系统吞吐。

Abstract:

Blockchain technology has been extensively applied across various domains such as digital currencies, financial transactions, smart contracts, storage, and communication, effectively resolving the fundamental challenge of establishing trust in untrustworthy environments. Despite its advancements, public blockchains currently grapple with issues stemming from low system throughput and continuous growth in ledger data. To address these challenges, this paper introduce LightChain: an easily storable, lightweight, scalable technology. This technology achieves high throughput and low storage requirements by integrating sharding technology, without compromising decentralization and security. LightChain initially reduces the disk and memory requirements for validating nodes through a stateless blockchain design and the use of RSA accumulators for state compression. Moreover, this technology applies the stateless blockchain concept within a sharded architecture, overcoming low throughput issues caused by periodic random reorganization in sharding, thereby enhancing the frequency of shard reorganization and system security. In experimental evaluations, LightChain, as an innovative stateless blockchain solution, compresses the state of a UTXO (Unspent Transaction Outputs) based blockchain system into two RSA accumulators. It demonstrates advantages in terms of complexity of commitment updates and the size of transaction proofs. The experimental results indicate that this approach significantly reduces storage pressure on nodes and linearly improves system throughput.