滨海电厂温排水对红树林分布扩散的影响

Effects of temperature and drainage from a coastal power plant on the distribution and dispersal of mangroves

关键词:  滨海电厂  温排水  红树林  分布

Key words:  coastal power plant  temperature drainage  mangrove  distribution

摘要:

温度是红树植物地理分布的一个主要环境决定因素,但关于滨海电厂温排水对红树林分布扩散的影响尚不清楚。以“空间换时间”的思路,通过调查影响林区和参照林区红树林历史动态分布,分析其景观格局变化、典型斑块面积变化、驱动因素及其影响程度,分析预测参照林区“未来”防城港核电厂5、6号机组投入运营后温排水对红树林分布扩散的影响,对今后滨海电厂对红树林影响评价论证和相关研究具有重要意义。研究结果表明:①参照林区现有红树林165.64 hm2,分布在＜0.5℃和0.5~1℃、1~2℃、2~3℃、3~4℃温升区。2007~2022年,红树林面积净减24.93 hm2,损失率13.08%,年均0.87%。 填海造地等人为活动造成参照林区红树林较大面积损失,但在各温升区均有不同程度的红树林自然增长扩散。②影响林区模拟1℃温升线范围现有红树林28.31 hm2,分布在模拟1~2℃温升区和2~3℃温升区,面积分别为26.91 hm2、1.40 hm2。2007~2022年影响林区红树林面积先减少后增加,自然增长4.49 hm2,填海造地等人为活动导致减少1.72 hm2,净增2.92 hm2,增长率11.51%,年均0.77%。③预测防城港核电厂三期投入运营后温排水不会对1℃温升范围内红树林的自然增长扩散产生负面影响。

Abstract:

Temperature is a major environmental determinant of the geographical distribution of mangrove plants, but the influence of temperature and water drainage from the coastal power plant on the distribution and spread of mangroves is still unclear. With the idea of "space for time", the historical dynamic distribution of mangroves in the impacted forest area and the reference forest area was investigated, and the changes in landscape pattern, typical patch area, driving factors and the degree of influence were analyzed and predicted in the reference forest area in the "future" of No. 5 and No. 6. It is important for the future evaluation of the impact of the coastal power plant on mangroves and related research. The results of the study show that: ① The existing mangrove forest in the reference area is 165.64 hm2, distributed in the temperature rise zones of <0.5℃ and 0.5~1℃, 1~2℃, 2~3℃, 3~4℃. 2007~2022, the net loss of mangrove forest area is 24.93 hm2, with a loss rate of 13.08% and an annual average of 0.87%. Anthropogenic activities such as land reclamation caused a larger loss of mangrove area in the reference forest area, but there was different degrees of natural mangrove growth spread in all temperature rise zones. ②The existing mangrove forests in the simulated 1℃ temperature rise line range in the affected forest area are 28.31 hm2, distributed in the simulated 1~2℃ temperature rise zone and 2~3℃ temperature rise zone, with an area of 26.91 hm2 and 1.40 hm2 respectively. 2007~2022 mangrove forest area in the affected forest area first decreases and then increases, with a natural growth of 4.49 hm2 and a decrease of 1.72 hm2 due to anthropogenic activities such as land reclamation. The net increase is 2.92 hm2, with a growth rate of 11.51% and an annual average of 0.77%. ③ It is assumed that the warm water drainage after the operation of the third phase of the Fangchenggang nuclear power plant will not have a negative impact on the natural growth and spread of mangroves within the 1℃ temperature rise.