台风对封闭式工厂化虾池生态系统中水环境因子的影响

The Effect of Tyhpoon to the Water Environmental Factor of a Close Indoor Shrimp Pond in Industrialized Cultivationin Ecological System

关键词:  对虾养殖  工厂化虾池  环境因子  台风

Key words:  prawn culture  factory farming ponds  environmental factor  typhoon

摘要:

于2003年7月23~29日台风发生期间在广西海洋研究所对虾工厂化养殖基地现场测定养殖水温、pH值和化学耗氧量(COD),采样分析养殖水体的无机氮(DIN)、无机磷(DIP)及叶绿素a(chl.a)含量,并对水温、pH值、COD、DIN、DIP、chl.a间进行相关性分析,研究封闭式工厂化虾养殖生态系中环境因子的变化状况及其影响因素。结果表明:台风气候对该生态系中的水环境因子影响较大,一方面既导致了浮游植物的快速削减,也导致了pH值的明显下降;另一方面又导致了COD的显著增加和DIN、DIP的明显上升。台风期间养成密度大的养殖池中,环境因子之间多具有显著的相关性;养成密度小的养殖池中,环境因子之间的相关性较差。显然,虾池生态系中水环境功能的优劣对对虾的养成质量及抵抗自然灾害具有至关重要的作用,而虾池有机物的及时清除以及水环境因子的适时调控也是重要的一环。

Abstract:

According to the determination to culture temperature,pH and COD by typhoom in the prawn factory farming base of Guangxi Ocean Research Institute,taking samples for analyzing the content of DIN,DIP and a(chl.a) in ponds,making a correlation analysis among water temperature,pH,COD,DIN,DIP and chl.a,the change state and effect of the environmental factor in the ecological system of close factory farming were investigated.The results showed that typhoon climate effected the water environmental factor much.On one hand,it made phytoplankton dissipated rapidly and pH declined obviously;On the other hand,it led the COD increase markedly and DIN,DIP to rise clearly.The related analysis showed that in the dense pond,mostly there was remarkable relativity between the environmental factors;Contrarily,In sparse pond,there was a poor relativity.Obviously,the water environment function in the ecological system of the shrimp pond played an important part to the culture quality and resisted again natural calamities.It was also important to get rid of organic matters in the ponds in time and to control the water environmental factors pat.