钦州湾近岸海域底栖生物体内重金属含量与污染评价

Heavy Metals Content and Pollution Assessment in Benthon of Qinzhou Bay Coastal Waters

关键词:  底栖生物  重金属  污染

Key words:  benthon  heavy metal  pollution

摘要:

采集钦州湾近岸海域8种底栖生物样品,利用原子吸收光谱仪和原子荧光分光光度计测定底栖生物体内重金属含量,分析评价底栖生物受重金属污染程度。结果表明,底栖生物体内重金属平均含量从高到低为Zn > Cu > As > Cd > Cr > Pb > Hg,其中,软体动物:Zn > Cu > As > Cd > Cr > Pb > Hg;甲壳动物:Zn > Cu > As > Cd > Pb > Cr > Hg;鱼类:Zn > As > Cu > Cr > Pb > Cd > Hg。不同底栖生物对重金属的富集能力不同,同一种底栖生物对不同重金属的富集能力不同,从大到小为,软体动物:Cu > Cd > Cr > Zn > As > Hg > Pb;甲壳动物:Cu > Cd > Zn > As > Cr > Hg > Pb;鱼类:Cr > As > Zn > Cu > Cd > Hg > Pb。钦州湾近岸海域底栖生物均未受到重金属污染,但是重金属积累严重,软体动物体内Cd和As超过了国家食品卫生标准值。

Abstract:

8 benthic samples were collected from Qinzhou Bay coastal waters in December 2010 and the extent of heavy metal pollution of benthic organisms was evaluated by determining the heavy metals content in benthic organisms using atomic absorption spectrometry and atomic fluorescence spectrophotometer.The results show that heavy metal in benthic organisms from high to low are Zn > Cu > As > Cd > Cr > Pb > Hg.In Mollusk,the heavy metal concentration is Zn > Cu > As > Cd > Cr > Pb > Hg;in Crustacea the heavy metal concentration is Zn > Cu > As > Cd > Pb > Cr > Hg;in fish,the heavy metal concentration is Zn > As > Cu > Cr > Pb > Cd > Hg.The ability of heavy metals accumulation was different in different benthon.Within the same benthon,the accumulation ability was different due to different types of heavy metals.The accumulation ability from high to low is in Mollusk Cu > Cd > Cr > Zn > As > Hg > Pb;in Crustacea Cu > Cd > Zn > As > Cr > Hg > Pb;in fish Cr > As > Zn > Cu > Cd > Hg > Pb.According to the results,benthon in Qinzhou Bay coastal waters were not polluted by heavy metals.However,there was serious problem of heavy metals accumulation in this area.The content of lead and arsenic in mollusks has exceeded the national food hygiene standard value.