刺参养殖池塘浮游和底栖藻类群落及水质特征

Community Structure of Phytoplankton and Benthophyte in Apostichopus japonicus Aquaculture Ponds and Water Quality Characteristics

关键词:  刺参  养殖池塘  浮游藻类  底栖藻类  水质

Key words:  Apostichopus japonicus  aquaculture ponds  phytoplankton  benthophyte  water quality

摘要:

为研究刺参（Apostichopus japonicus）养殖池塘微藻和水质特征，对山东威海市荣成刺参养殖池塘的浮游和底栖藻类群落结构、生物量及池塘水质进行周年调查与相关性分析。结果表明：（1）刺参养殖池塘共发现浮游藻类7门38属53种，底栖藻类4门25属42种，硅藻门种类最多；（2）池塘盐度、pH值、磷酸盐的变化范围较小，水温、溶氧变化呈显著的季节性特征；（3）池塘藻类生物量均呈春、夏季较高，秋、冬季较低的变化规律，并随水温升高而增大；浮游藻类生物量最低值和最高值分别出现在1月和7月，分别为2.9和23.7 mg/L；底栖藻类生物量最低值和最高值分别出现在12月和4月，分别为2.5和16.5 mg/L；（4）池塘浮游藻类多样性指数最低值和最高值分别出现在12月和7月，分别为1.94和2.98；底栖藻类多样性指数最低值和最高值分别出现在11月和4月，分别为1.66和2.35；（5）不同季节藻类群落中的优势种存在演替现象。在刺参池塘养殖过程中，应保持池塘水环境和营养盐结构稳定，为刺参健康养殖营造有利的环境条件。

Abstract:

In order to study the microalgae and water quality characteristics of the Apostichopus japonicus culture ponds,an annual survey and correlation analysis were carried out on the plankton and benthic algae community structure,biomass and pond water quality of Rongcheng A.japonicus culture ponds in Weihai City,Shandong Province.The results showed that:(1) A total of 53 species of planktonic algae in 7 Phyla,38 Genera,and 42 species of benthic algae in 4 Phyla,25 Genera were found in the culture pond of A.japonicus, among which the most species were Bacillariophyta.(2) The change range of salinity,pH value and phosphate was small,and the change of water temperature and dissolved oxygen presents significant seasonal characteristics.(3) The biomass of algae in the pond was higher in spring and summer,and lower in autumn and winter,and was significantly related to the water temperature of the pond,and increased with the rising of water temperature.The lowest and highest values of phytoplankton biomass appeared in January and July,respectively,were 2.9 and 23.7 mg/L.The lowest and highest values of benthic algae biomass appeared in December and April,respectively,were 2.5 and 16.5 mg/L.(4) The lowest and highest values of phytoplankton diversity index appeared in December and July,respectively,were 1.94 and 2.98.The lowest and highest values of benthic algae diversity index appeared in November and April,respectively,were 1.66 and 2.35.(5) The dominant species of algae community in different seasons had the phenomenon of succession.In the process of A.japonicus culture in ponds,the pond water environment and nutrient salt structure should be kept stable to create favorable environmental conditions for the healthy culture of A.japonicus.