东盟十国降水时空变化特征分析

Analysis on the Spatial and Temporal Characteristics of Precipitation in Ten ASEAN Countries

关键词:  东盟  降水  空间分布  时序变化  GPM

Key words:  ASEAN  precipitation  space distribution  time variant  GPM

摘要:

为揭示东南亚国家联盟（Association of Southeast Asian Nations，ASEAN，简称东盟）区域及东盟各国降水时空变化特征，基于2015-2017年全球卫星降水观测计划（GPM）系统卫星数据集，采用遥感影像平滑、数据统计等方法分析月降水量时间序列周期性及其空间上的分布特征。结果表明：文莱、印尼、马来西亚是东盟十国中降水量排行前三的国家，年平均降水量约3 000 mm，各月平均降水量均接近或者超过200 mm；新加坡和菲律宾年平均降水量约2 400 mm；柬埔寨、老挝、缅甸、越南、泰国年降水量为1 600-2 100 mm；缅甸中部、泰国北部、柬埔寨中部是东盟降水最少的地区，降水较多的区域集中出现在马来西亚中部、菲律宾东部、缅甸南部沿海地区及印尼各主要岛屿。柬埔寨、泰国、越南、老挝、缅甸等位于中南半岛的五国降水主要集中在5-11月，这个时段的降水量占全年降水量的80%以上。东盟国家降水普遍较充沛，但各国降水空间分布差异显著，文莱、印尼、马来西亚、新加坡和菲律宾常年多雨，无明显旱、雨季之分；柬埔寨、老挝、缅甸、越南、泰国五国表现出比较一致的雨、旱季交替规律，雨季为5-11月，旱季为12月-次年4月。

Abstract:

In order to reveal the temporal and spatial characteristics of precipitation in ASEAN region and ASEAN countries, based on the Global Satellite Precipitation Observation Plan (GPM) dataset in 2015-2017, the remote sensing image smoothing, data statistics and other methods were used to investigate the periodicity and spatial distribution characteristics of monthly precipitation time series.The results show that Brunei, Indonesia and Malaysia are the top three countries in ASEAN, with an average annual precipitation of about 3 000 mm.And the average monthly precipitation is close to or more than 200 mm.The average annual precipitation of Singapore and Philippines is about 2 400 mm.The annual precipitation of Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Vietnam and Thailand is 1 600-2 100 mm.Central Myanmar, northern Thailand and central Cambodia are the areas with the least precipitation in ASEAN, and the regions with larger precipitation are concentrated in central Malaysia, eastern Philippines, southern coastal areas of Myanmar and major islands of Indonesia.The precipitation of Cambodia, Thailand, Vietnam, Laos and Myanmar in Indochina Peninsula is mainly concentrated in May to November, and the precipitation in this period accounts for more than 80% of the annual precipitation.The precipitation in ASEAN countries is generally abundant, but the spatial distribution of precipitation varies significantly among the countries.Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore and Philippines are rainy all the year round, and there is no obvious difference between dry and rainy seasons.Cambodia, Laos, Myanmar, Vietnam and Thailand show relatively consistent alternation of dry and rainy seasons.The rainy season is from May to November and dry season is from December to April of the following year.