广西兰科植物的物种多样性及区系特征研究

Investigation on Species Diversity and Floristic Characteristics of Orchids in Guangxi

关键词:  广西兰科|区系特性|新纪录属|新纪录种|中国特有

Key words:  Guangxi Orchidaceae|floristic characteristics|new record genus|new recorded species|endemic to China

摘要:

广西是我国兰科植物生物多样性特别丰富的省区之一，同时也是兰科植物生物多样性受威胁特别严重的省区之一。摸清广西兰科植物资源的家底，分析广西兰科植物资源的优势以及广西兰科植物的区系特征，有助于为广西兰科植物就地保护和迁地保护提供科学依据。通过整理广西兰科植物近20年的文献资料，对广西目前兰科植物资源的状况进行编目和分析。结果表明：广西已发现野生兰科植物129属510种，分别占中国兰科植物总属数和总种数的67.89%和31.88%，其中石斛属Dendrobium、羊耳蒜属Liparis、石豆兰属Bulbophyllum、兰属Cymbidium、虾脊兰属Calanthe和玉凤花属Habenaria是本区兰科植物中的优势属。从区系来看，广西兰科热带分布类型94属，占广西兰科植物总属数的72.87%，其中热带亚洲分布有44属，占广西兰科植物总属数的34.11%；广西兰科植物以热带成分为主，受温带成分影响，保留了较多特有性、古老残遗性的特点。

Abstract:

Guangxi is one of the provinces with extremely rich orchid biodiversity in China,and is also one of the provinces with extremely serious threats to orchid biodiversity. Understanding the background of Guangxi orchid resources,analyzing the advantages of Guangxi orchid resources and floristic characteristics of Guangxi orchids will help to provide scientific data for in situ and ex situ conservation of Guangxi orchids. By sorting out the literature of orchids in Guangxi in recent 20 years,the current situation of orchid resources in Guangxi was catalogued and analyzed. The results show that there are 129 genera and 510 species of wild orchids in Guangxi,accounting for 67.89% and 31.88% of the total genera and species of orchids in China,respectively.Dendrobium,Liparis,Bulbophyllum,Cymbidium,Calanthe and Habenaria are the dominant genera of orchids in this area. From the floristic point of view,the tropical distribution type of Orchidaceae in Guangxi is 94 genera,accounting for 72.87 % of the total genera. There are 44 genera in tropical Asia,accounting for 34.11 % of the total genera of Orchidaceae in Guangxi. Orchidaceae plants in Guangxi are dominated by tropical components,which are affected by temperate components and retain many unique and ancient residual characteristics.