民族植物黄花倒水莲研究进展

Research Progress on the Ethno-plant Polygala fallax Hemsl

关键词:  黄花倒水莲  人工栽培  化学成分  药理活性  研究进展

Key words:  Polygala fallax Hemsl.  artificial cultivation  chemical composition  pharmacological activity  research progress

摘要:

黄花倒水莲(Polygala fallax Hemsl.)是中国特有的远志科(Polygalaceae)远志属(Polygala)植物，是壮、瑶、苗等多个少数民族的传统药材和食材。全株可入药，其根、茎、叶和花中都含有多种药用成分，主要药用成分有皂苷类、酮类、糖类和酚类等，具有调血脂、抗衰老、抗损伤、抑制细胞增殖、缓解梅尼埃病(MD)、保护胃黏膜、抗炎、抗病毒、增强免疫等作用，可治病后体虚、腰膝酸痛、子宫下垂、月经不调、急/慢性肝炎及创伤性损伤等症。本文从黄花倒水莲的野生资源分布、人工栽培、化学成分、药理功效等方面进行了总结和系统分析，为今后保护与利用黄花倒水莲资源提供便利。黄花倒水莲目前处于濒危状态，但其利用价值尚未得到充分挖掘。未来应采取多项措施保护黄花倒水莲野生资源，发掘更多关于黄花倒水莲应用的研究，重点关注确定其有效成分、药理功效及观赏价值，为合理保护与利用黄花倒水莲提供理论依据和研究思路。

Abstract:

Polygala fallax Hemsl.is a unique plant of the genus Polygala of the family Polygalaceae in China,which is a traditional medicinal material and food for many ethnic minorities such as Zhuang,Yao and Miao.The whole plant can be used in medicine,and its roots,stems,leaves,and flowers contain a variety of medicinal ingredients,and the main medicinal ingredients are saponins,ketones,sugars,phenols,and so on.It has the effect of regulating blood lipids,anti-aging,anti-damage,inhibits cell proliferation,alleviating Meniere's disease,protecting gastric mucosa,anti-inflammation,anti-virus,enhancing immunity,etc.It can treat symptoms such as body deficiency after illness,soreness and pain of waist and knees,uterine prolapse,irregular menstruation,acute and chronic hepatitis,and traumatic injuries.In this article,the distribution of wild resources,artificial cultivation,chemical composition,pharmacological efficacy and other aspects of P.fallax Hemsl.were summarized and systematically analyzed to facilitate the future protection and utilization of P.fallax Hemsl.resources.P.fallax Hemsl.is currently endangered,but its utilization value has not been thoroughly explored.In the future,a number of measures should be taken to protect the wild resources of the P.fallax Hemsl.,explore more research on the application of the P.fallax Hemsl.,and focus on determining its active ingredients,pharmacological effects,and ornamental value,which can provide theoretical basis and research ideas for the reasonable protection and utilization of P.fallax Hemsl.