珍稀濒危植物元宝山冷杉种实特征及种子萌发特性研究

Study on the Seed Characteristics and Seed Germination Characteristics of the Rare and Endangered Plant Abies yuanbaoshanensis

关键词:  元宝山冷杉  种子萌发  种实特性  濒危植物  环境因子

Key words:  Abies yuanbaoshanensis  seed germination  germination characteristics  endangered plants  environmental factor

摘要:

元宝山冷杉(Abies yuanbaoshanensis)是广西特有的珍稀濒危植物，为进一步探究元宝山冷杉的种实特征以及种子萌发特性，本研究分析了其果实和种子特征，采用发芽对照试验测定种子的萌发力。元宝山冷杉种实特征结果显示：球果长(9.44±1.10) cm，球果重(35.88±4.10) g，单果种子数531-711粒，球果重与单果种子数及单粒种子重之间存在显著的正相关关系；种子长度为(17.02±1.16) mm，宽度为(8.86±0.60) mm，厚度为(1.97±0.17) mm，种翅长为(6.99±0.66) mm，种翅宽为(5.30±0.55) mm，千粒重为(19.3±2.5) g；元宝山冷杉种子败育率较高，空粒占53.7%。元宝山冷杉种子萌发特性结果显示：种子最适萌发温度为25 ℃恒温，低于15 ℃时基本不萌发，在15-25 ℃变温下发芽势显著降低(P < 0.01)；浸种有利于元宝山冷杉种子的萌发，浸种24 h的种子发芽率极显著高于浸种48 h的种子(P < 0.01)；种翅对元宝山冷杉的种子萌发无抑制作用，但去翅后的种子发芽能力更强；纸床更适宜元宝山冷杉种子的萌发；低温贮藏可以保持元宝山冷杉种子的活性，延长种子寿命。因此，元宝山冷杉的种子在去翅条件下浸种24 h后放置在25 ℃恒温的纸床上更利于其萌发。

Abstract:

Abies yuanbaoshanensis is a rare and endangered plant endemic to Guangxi.In order to further explore the seed characteristics and seed germination characteristics of A. yuanbaoshanensis, this study analyzed the fruit and seed characteristics, and used germination control experiments to determine the seed germination ability.The results of seed characteristics of A. yuanbaoshanensis show that the cone length is (9.44±1.10) cm, the cone weight is (35.88±4.10) g, and the number of seeds per cone is 531-711.There is a significant positive correlation between cone weight and single fruit seed number and single seed weight.The seed has a length of (17.02±1.16) mm, a width of (8.86±0.60) mm, a thickness of (1.97±0.17) mm, a wing length of (6.99±0.66) mm, a wing width of (5.30±0.55) mm, and a thousand-grain weight of (19.3±2.5) g.The seed abortion rate of A. yuanbaoshanensis is relatively high, with empty seeds accounting for 53.7%.The results of the germination characteristics of A. yuanbaoshanensis seeds show that the optimum germination temperature is 25 ℃ constant temperature, and the seed does not germinate below 15 ℃.The germination potential significantly decreases at 15-25 ℃ (P < 0.01).Soaking seeds is beneficial for the germination of A. yuanbaoshanensis seeds, and the germination rate of seeds soaked for 24 h are significantly higher than those soaked for 48 h (P < 0.01).The seed wing has no inhibitory effect on the seed germination of A. yuanbaoshanensis, but the seed germination ability is stronger after wing removal.Paper beds are more suitable for the germination of A. yuanbaoshanensis seeds.Low temperature storage can maintain the activity of A. yuanbaoshanensis seeds and prolong their lifespan.Therefore, the seeds of A. yuanbaoshanensis are soaked for 24 h under the condition of wing removal and placed on a paper bed at a constant temperature of 25 ℃, which is more conducive to their germination.