北部湾石珊瑚多样性

Diversity of scleractinian corals in the Beibu Gulf (the Gulf of Tonkin)

关键词:  北部湾  石珊瑚 多样性  群落 分布

Key words:  Beibu  Gulf,Scleractinian  corals,Diversity,Communities,Distribution

摘要:

北部湾是南海西北部一个半封闭的海湾,介于17°00"-21°30"N和105°40"-110°00"E之间,因有别于热带南海的生态环境特点,被划分为单独的北部湾生态区。湾内分布有石珊瑚17科65属245种,其中中国海域有164种,越南海域有187种,两国海域共有种有106种。石珊瑚种类多样性主要由4科珊瑚构成,鹿角珊瑚科68种,裸肋珊瑚科56种,木珊瑚科24种,滨珊瑚科23种,占比69.80%。北部湾石珊瑚种类数较热带海洋少,但物种结构和分布格局类似。北部湾石珊瑚种类丰度无明显地理差异,珊瑚种类结构、分布格局和群落类型相似。以鹿角珊瑚为优势种的珊瑚群落在过去的几十年里退化严重,近乎崩溃。

Abstract:

The Beibu Gulf (the Gulf of Tonkin) is a semi-closed bay between 17°00"-21°30"N和105°40"-110°00"E in northwestern part of South China Sea. It was delineated as a single ecoregion because it is different from tropical ocean in environmental and ecological condition. 245 species of scleractinian corals of 65 genera in 17 families occur in the Gulf. There are 164 species in Chinese waters, 187 species in Vietnamese waters and 106 common species in both sides. The diversity of scleractinian corals is mainly composed of the corals in four families, i.e. 68 species of Acroporidae, 56 species of Merulinidae, 24 species of Dendrophylliidae, and 23 species of Poritidae, constituting 69.80% of total scleractinian coral species. Secleratinian corals in the Beibu Gulf are less in species number than in tropical ocean, but are similar in species structure and distribution pattern. Scleractinian corals in the gulf show no obvious geographical difference in species diversity and are similar in species structure, distribution pattern and community types. In past decades, the coral community dominated by the corals of Acroporidae have degraded seriously and nearly collapsed.