中国红树林区互花米草入侵生态效应及防治策略

Ecological effects and control strategies of Spartina alterniflora invasion in mangroves of China

关键词:  红树林  互花米草  生物入侵  防治策略

Key words:  mangroves  Spartina alterniflora: biological invasion  control strategies

摘要:

红树林是滨海湿地生态系统的重要组成部分。外来物种互花米草（Spartina alterniflora）通过人工引种和自然传播，已扩散到我国包括红树林、盐沼和海草床等乡土植物群落以及光滩，对滨海湿地生态系统的健康和稳定造成了巨大的威胁。2022年以来，我国在全国范围开展大规模的互花米草除治工作，位于南方滨海湿地的红树林是清除互花米草的重点区域。然而，目前针对红树林区互花米草入侵机制的研究还不够系统深入，相关研究范式和防治策略大多借鉴于其他类型的滨海湿地生态系统。本文归纳了互花米草入侵中国红树林区后产生的主要生态效应，以及中国红树林区采取的几类主要互花米草防治策略，讨论了未来中国红树林区互花米草的相关研究空白和热点，以期为中国红树林区互花米草防治及红树林生态恢复和保护工作提供借鉴。

Abstract:

Mangroves are critical components of coastal wetland ecosystems. The invasive plant Spartina alterniflora has invaded in native coastal habitats in China, including mangroves, salt marshes, seagrass beds, and tidal flats, via artificial introduction and natural dispersal. This invasion poses a huge threat to the health and stability of coastal wetlands ecosystems. Since 2022, China has launched a nationwide effort to eradicate Spartina alterniflora, and mangroves located in the southern coastal wetlands are the key areas for the removal efforts. However, the current researches on the invasion mechanism of Spartina alterniflora in mangroves are not systematic and profound. Most related paradigms and control strategies are largely adapted from studies on other types of coastal wetland. This paper synthesizes the main ecological effects of Spartina alterniflora invasion in China’s mangrove regions, outlines several major adopted Spartina alterniflora control strategies implemented in these regions. Furthermore, we discussed the relevant research gaps and hotspots in the future, expecting to provide insights for the control of Spartina alterniflora invasions as well as the restoration and conservation of mangrove ecosystems in China.