若尔盖草原湿地修复分区及修复单元划分研究

Study on Restoration Zoning and Restoration Unit Delineation of Ruoergai Grassland Wetland

关键词:  山水林田湖草沙  生态系统综合评估  生态问题识别  生态保护与修复分区  若尔盖

Key words:  mountains-rivers-forests-farmlands-lakes-grasslands-sandy  Integrated ecosystem assessment  ecological problem identification  ecological protection and restoration zoning  Ruoergai

摘要:

若尔盖草原湿地位于青藏高原东部，对其科学合理的分区是制定生态保护修复方案的基础。以若尔盖草原湿地为研究对象，通过“双评价”指南和质量评估规范等开展生态系统综合评估，通过生态问题评估规范诊断各流域关键生态问题，以河流的分布状况、水流流向特征以及出水口具体位置的综合研判进行分区，以“流域特征+生态功能+生态问题”为原则划分生态修复单元，并提出生态修复模式和目标。结果显示：（1）研究区生态系统质量中等-良好、生态系统服务功能重要，生态环境脆弱，生态保护重要性等级高，生态系统恢复能力一般，生态景观格局存在断裂点、景观破碎度高、土地胁迫加重；（2）主要生态问题基本沿河流分布，生态问题集中区为生态修复优先区；（3）将若尔盖草原湿地划分为6个修复分区，并根据修复分区内各类生态问题的严重程度和分布情况划分为6个生态修复单元。总结若尔盖草原湿地修复分区及修复单元划分经验，对于高寒湿地实施山水工程具有重要意义。成果为高寒湿地开展生态保护修复工程提供借鉴和参考。

Abstract:

The Ruoergai Grassland Wetland is located in the eastern part of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, and its scientific and reasonable zoning is the basis for proposing ecological protection and restoration programs. Taking the Ruoergai grassland wetland as the research object, a comprehensive ecosystem assessment using the “double evaluation” guidelines and quality assessment standards. It is carried out to diagnose the key ecological problems in each watershed using the ecological problem assessment standards. The distribution of rivers, the characteristics of water flow direction, and the specific location of water outlets will be used as the basis for zoning. The ecological restoration units are divided according to the “watershed characteristics+ecological functions+ecological problems” principle, and ecological restoration modes and objectives are proposed. Results: (1) The ecosystem quality of the study area is moderate-good, service function is important, the ecological environment is fragile, the environmental protection importance level is high, the ecosystem restoration capacity is average, the environmental landscape pattern has fracture points, the landscape fragmentation is high, and the land stress is aggravated;(2) The main ecological problems are distributed along the rivers, and the ecological problem concentration areas are ecological restoration priority areas;（3）The Ruoergai Grassland Wetland is divided into 6 restoration sub-areas. According to the severity and distribution of various types of ecological problems in the Ruoergai grassland wetland restoration sub-area, it is divided into 6 ecological restoration units. Summarizing the experience of the Ruoergai grassland wetland restoration sub-area and restoration unit division is of great significance for implementing the mountain water project in alpine wetlands. The results provide a reference for the implementation of ecological protection and restoration projects in alpine wetlands.