无患子果实表型性状与皂苷含量相关性分析以及皂苷抗菌活性研究

Correlation Analysis between Phenotypic Traits and Saponin Content of Sapindus mukorossi Fruit and Study on Antibacterial Activity of Saponins

关键词:  无患子  优良单株  皂苷  抑菌活性

Key words:  Sapindus mukorossi  excellent single plant  saponin  antibacterial activity

摘要:

为明确无患子（Sapindus mukorossi）果实表型性状与皂苷含量的关系，探究无患子皂苷对植物病原菌的抑制活性，本研究选用贵州省独山县10株无患子实生单株果实，测定各果实表型特征及常春藤苷元的含量，并采用抑菌圈法和菌丝生长速率法测定无患子皂苷的抗菌活性。结果表明，常春藤皂苷元含量与果实鲜重、果实干重、果皮干重、果实横径、果重呈显著负相关，其中常春藤皂苷元含量与果皮干重负相关系数最大（-0.43），即皮薄、果小而轻的无患子干果中常春藤皂苷元的含量愈高。抗细菌活性的结果表明，无患子皂苷对番茄疮痂病菌（Xanthomonas vesicatoria）的抑制活性最强，当供试样品有效质量为0.2 mg时，抑菌圈直径为10.31 mm；抗真菌活性的结果显示，无患子皂苷对广西炭疽菌（Colletotrichum guangxiense）的抑制活性最强，半数有效浓度（EC50）值为36.30±2.11 μg·mL-1。本研究为无患子资源的综合开发和利用提供理论依据。

Abstract:

In order to study the relationship between Sapindus mukorossi fruit phenotypic traits and saponin content, as well as the antibacterial activity of S. mukorossi saponin against plant pathogens, 10 S. mukorossi fruit from Dushan County, Guizhou Province were selected to determine the phenotypic characteristics of each fruit and the content of ibergenin. The antibacterial activity of S. saponins was determined by inhibition zone method and mycelium growth rate method. The results showed that hederagenin content was negatively correlated with fruit fresh weight, fruit dry weight, fruit skin dry weight, fruit transverse diameter and fruit weight, and the correlation coefficient between hederagenin content and fruit skin dry weight was the largest, which was -0.43. That is, the higher the content of hederagenin in S. mukorossi fruit with thin skin and small but light fruit. The results of antibacterial activity showed that S. saponins had the best antibacterial activity against Xanthomonas vesicatoria. When the effective mass of the sample was 0.2 mg, the diameter of the antibacterial zone was 10.31 mm.The results of antifungal activity showed that S. saponins had the strongest inhibitory activity against Colletotrichum guangxiense., and the EC50 value was 36.30±2.11 μg mL-1. This study provides theoretical basis for the comprehensive development and utilization of S. mukorossi resources.