广西近岸海域渔业资源现状研究 ——基于刺网渔船捕捞调查

Study on present situation of fishery resource in coastal waters of Guangxi based on research of gill-net fishing

关键词:  广西近岸海域  刺网渔船 捕捞调查  渔业资源 现状研究

Key words:  coastal  offshore waters  of Guangxi, gill-net  fishing, capture  survey, fishery  resources, study  on present  situation

摘要:

广西近岸海域是北部湾渔业生物的重要产卵场、索饵场、越冬场和洄游通道。及时掌握广西近岸海域渔业资源现状，对于北部湾渔业管理、渔业资源养护具有重要意义。利用2023年1-12月广西刺网生产渔船数据，分析了渔获物中14种重要经济鱼类、4种甲壳类、3种头足类和1种贝类的月度CPUE，并比较了2022-2023年目标种类CPUE（单位捕捞努力量渔获量）的年际变动。CPUE的月度统计表明：4月、8月、当年11月—次年1月期间，22个目标种类中共有17个种类CPUE达到全年最大值，是广西近岸海域渔业资源量最丰富的时段。CPUE年均值的比较结果：鲳鱼、二长棘鲷（Evynnis cardinalis）、鲻梭鱼、鳞鱚、鯒、斑鰶（Konosirus punctatus）、其它鲷类、鲈鱼、鲨鱼、鳐魟类等10种鱼类减少，鳎类、马面鲀、叫姑鱼、蓝子鱼等4种鱼类增加；虾蛄和蟳类增加，对虾和梭子蟹减少；头足类增加；贝类减少；CPUE下降和增加的种类捕捞产量合计占比分别为64.93%和14.94%。研究认为，2023年广西近岸海域渔业资源量比2022年显著减少（刺网片数/长度、船数、月数都一致吗？不同季节之间也有差异，直接得出这个结论有些武断），2023年7月—9月广西近岸海域水产生物群体性死亡是造成渔业资源量减少的主要原因。

Abstract:

The coastal offshore waters of Guangxi are important spawning grounds, feeding grounds, overwintering grounds and migration channels for aquatic organisms in Beibu Gulf. Acquiring the current situation of fishery resources have a significant meaning in the arrangement and management of fishery production, conservation and recovery of fishery resources in Beibu Gulf. In this paper, the monthly and inter-annual changes of CPUE of 14 staple fishes, 4 crustaceans, 3 cephalopods and shells in the catches from January to December 2023 were analyzed based on the fishing and production survey data of gill-net boats in Guangxi. The monthly statistics of the CPUE show that during April, August, November of the same year and January of the next year, 17 of the 22 target species CPUE reached the maximum value of the whole year, it is the seasons of the most abundant fishery resources in coastal offshore waters of Guangxi . The comparison of annual CPUE values of target species in 2022 and 2023 showed that 10 fish species as Stromateidae, Evynnis cardinalis, Mugilidae, Sillaginidae, Platycephalidae, Konosirus punctatus, Sparidae, Lateolabrax japonicus, sharks, Rajidae Dasyatidae decreased. While 4 fish species as Cynoglossidae, Monacanthidae, Johniusgrypotus, Siganidae increased . The number of mantis shrimps and Genus Charybdis increased, while Penaeus orientalis and Portunus trituberculatus decreased. Cephalopods increased, while shells decreased. Proportion of catches of the species with CPUE decreased and increases to the totals is 64.93% and 14.94% respectively. According to this, the amount of fishery resources in coastal and offshore waters of Guangxi in 2023 is significantly lower than that in 2022. In addition, it is concluded that the large-scale death of aquatic organisms in the coastal offshore waters of Guangxi from July to September 2023 is the main reason for the reduction of fishery resources.