银杏轮纹病和黑斑病的病原菌生物学特性研究

Biological Characters of Pestalotia ginkgo and Alternaria tenuis of Ginkgo biloba

关键词:  银杏  黑斑病菌  轮纹病菌  生物学特性

Key words:  Ginkgo biloba  A.tenuis  P.ginkgo  biological character

摘要:

对银杏黑斑病菌(Alternaria tenuis Ness)和轮纹病菌(Pestalotia ginkgo Hori)进行生长、产孢条件和孢子萌发试验。结果表明,银杏黑斑病菌生长、产孢温度为10℃~35℃,25℃生长最好,35℃产孢最多,20℃~35℃孢子萌发良好;轮纹病菌生长温度为10℃~30℃,最适25℃,10℃下不产孢,20℃孢子萌发率最高。2种菌在马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂培养基上生长旺盛,在相对湿度(RH)65%~98%生长良好,且加大RH有利于分生孢子形成,RH 100%+水滴处理孢子萌发率最高。2种菌生长的pH值为2~11,偏酸性利于分生孢子萌发。葡萄糖、叶汁有促进轮纹病菌分生孢子萌发作用;光照对黑斑病菌的生长和产孢没有显著影响,但能促进轮纹病菌孢子形成。

Abstract:

Trials were done on the growth,sporulation and conidium's germination of A. tenuis and P. ginkgo. The favour temperature for growth and sporulation of A. tenuis was 10℃~35℃, and 10℃~30℃ for P. ginkgo, and the optimum growth temperature for both pathogens was 25℃. A. tenuis had a largest quantity of conidium at 35℃, but P. ginkgo could not produced conidium at 10℃. The optimum temperature of conidium germination for A. tenuis's and P. ginkgo were 20℃~35℃ and 20℃,respectively. Two pathogens grew well on PDA(potato glucose agar) with RH increment at RH 65%~98%. Conidium had a highest germination in water drop with full RH. Two pathogens could grow at pH values 2~11,but acid condition is favourable to conidium germination. Glucose and leaf extract of Ginkgo biloba could hasten conidium germination of P. ginkgo.Light had no effects on the growth and sporulation of A. tenuis, but could promote conidium production of P. ginkgo.