广西北部湾沿海海草资源与研究状况

The Situations of Seagrass Resources and Researches along Guangxi Coasts of Beibu Gulf

关键词:  海草  种类  分布  生态服务  胁迫

Key words:  seagrass  species  distribution  ecological services  threat

摘要:

海草是生长于热带和温带浅海水中的单子叶植物,具有全球生态重要性。在北部湾广西浅水域已鉴定出5种海草,即日本大叶藻(Zostera japonica)、针叶藻(Syringodium isoetifolium)、二药藻(Halodule uninervis)、喜盐草(Halophila ovalis)和无横脉喜盐草(Halophila beccarii)。广西共有约640hm²的海草床,其中约540hm²分布在合浦,约100hm²分布在防城港市的珍珠港,北海极少。广西的海草床面积存在明显的季节和年份变化,并总体衰退。合浦的海草床是我国海草保护的最重要的生境之一。广西海草存在较为严重的人为和自然胁迫。我国对海草的认识和研究工作起步较晚,尤其是20世纪90年代初至2000年这段时间我国的海草研究几近空白,有关广西海草的研究很少,除合浦外其余的海草生境都是在过去的6年间才被发现。

Abstract:

Five seagrass species have been identified in Guangxi shoal water, Beibu Gulf.They are.Zostera japonica, Syringodium isoetifolium, Halodule uninervis, Halophila ovalis and Halophila beccarii.As a total, there are about 640hm² seagrass beds in Guangxi coastal areas, of which 540hm² distributes in Hepu, about 100hm² in Pearl Bay of Fangchenggang and a few in Beihai.The areas of seagrass beds obviously changed in season and annual, and degraded in general.The seagrass bed in Hepu is one of the most important habitats to China seagrass conservation.The collected data and papers showed that only a few scientific studies had been conducted on Guangxi seagrass.All seagrass habitats except Hepu were only reported in the past six years.The ecological services of seagrass, human and natural threats to Guangxi seagrass and a brief review on China and Guangxi seagrass researches are released.More studies and monitoring are required to the Guangxi seagrass for the special role of seagrass in maintaining offshore environment and marine biodiversity during the bloom of Guangxi coastal economy.