钦州湾外湾东北部近岸区域大型底栖动物群落特征

Characteristics of Macrobenthic Animal Communities in Northeastern Nearshore Area of Outside Bay of Qinzhou

关键词:  钦州湾  大型底栖动物  群落结构  ABC曲线  多样性

Key words:  Qinzhou Bay  macrobenthos  community structure  ABC curve  diversity

摘要:

[目的]研究钦州湾外湾东北部近岸区域大型底栖动物群落结构,判断其受环境干扰的程度,并分析其多样性指数与环境因子之间的相关性。[方法]2010年6月和12月,采用拖网法进行底栖生物样品采集。使用PRIMER和SPSS软件对调查所得数据进行分析。[结果]共采集到大型底栖动物种类148种,其中软体动物57种,节肢动物42种,底栖鱼类20种,其他动物共29种。[结论]调查区域大型底栖动物夏季可划分为3个群落,冬季可划分为2个群落。夏季多样性好于冬季,但冬季各站之间多样性变化范围较小。有少数站位受到中度干扰,个别站位受到稍微干扰。夏季大型底栖动物种类数与悬浮物含量呈显著负相关,生物量、丰度、种类数均与沉积物中的油类含量呈显著负相关,均匀度与沉积物中值粒径呈显著负相关,丰度与沉积物的中值粒径呈显著正相关,Shannon-Wiener指数与沉积物中的粘土含量呈显著正相关;冬季种类数与水体中的盐度、pH值、溶解氧呈显著正相关,与水质中的油类含量呈显著负相关,丰富度指数与溶解氧呈显著正相关。

Abstract:

[Objective] The community structure on macrobenthic animals was analyzed, in northeastern nearshore area of outside bay of Qinzhou, in order to determine whether the communities were affected, and to find out the relationship between diversity indices of macrobenthos and environmental factors.[Methods] Trawl surveys were carried out in Jun.and Dec.2010.The survey data were analyzed by using the PIMER and SPSS software.[Results] 148 species were collected altogether, including 57 species of Mollusca, 42 species of Arthropod and 20 species of demersal fishes.[Conclution] The analysis showed that the macrobenthic communities can be divided into three groups in summer, and two groups in winter.The bio-diversity was better in summer than in winter.The abundance-biomass curve analysis showed that a few of the station's macrobenthos were affected modestly, and few was affected seriously.Pearson correlation analysis showed that biomass, abundance and number of species all had significant negative correlation with oil concentration in sediment in summer;the abundance also had significant positive correlation with the median diameter of sediment;Shannon-Wiener index had significant positive correlation with the percentage of clay in sediment.In winter, number of species had significant positive correlation with salinity, pH and DO, and also had significant negative correlation with oil concentration in water. The abundance index had significant positive correlation with DO in water.