鱼油与微藻和植物油脂肪酸成分比较及其替代策略分析

Comparison on the Fatty Acid Composition of Fish Oil,Microalgae and Plant Oil and the Strategy Analysis of Fish Oil Replacement

关键词:  植物油  微绿球藻  裂壶藻  鱼油  替代

Key words:  plant oil  Nannochloropsis sp.  Schizochytrium sp.  fish oil  replacement

摘要:

[目的]水产养殖业的快速发展和鱼油价格的快速上涨,使得寻找能够替代鱼油的脂肪源日趋紧迫。[方法]采用直接转酯化进行气相色谱鉴定的方法测定鱼油、多种常见植物油和两种微藻的脂肪酸组成,以37种脂肪酸标准品作为参照,比较分析3类脂肪源的异同。[结果]鱼油的脂肪酸组成与微绿球藻(Nannochloropsis sp.)和裂壶藻(Schizochytrium sp.)相似,但植物油与鱼油相比缺乏EPA和DHA等n-3高不饱和脂肪酸。在满足必需脂肪酸需求的前提下,提出两种替代鱼油的策略:①使用38.0%亚麻籽油配合27.7%微绿球藻藻油和34.3%裂壶藻藻油替代鱼油的策略获得与鱼油一致的n-3/n-6多不饱和脂肪酸比率,能够较好地满足鱼类的营养需求,可作为替代鱼油的首选策略;②使用38.0%大豆油配合27.7%微绿球藻藻油和34.3%裂壶藻藻油替代鱼油的策略则获得与鱼油大体相同的主要脂肪酸类别,价格较亚麻籽油组低廉,可作为备选策略。[结论]使用高EPA和DHA含量的微藻藻油配合植物油替代鱼油在理论上是可行的。

Abstract:

[Objective] With the rapid development of aquaculture and the sharp rise of fish oil price, looking for an alternative lipid source of fish oil is increasingly urgent.[Methods] In this paper, direct transesterification plus gas chromatography identification method was used to determine the fatty acid composition of fish oil, several common vegetable oils and two species of microalgae based on the reference standards of 37 components of fatty acid methyl ester.Comparative analysis of the similarities and differences between three types of lipid source was conducted.[Results] The fatty acid profile of fish oil was similar to that of Nannochloropsis sp.oil and Schizochytrium sp.oil.However, the lack of n-3 high-unsaturated fatty acids in plant oils was obvious compared to fish oil.Under the premise to meet the requirement of essential fatty acids, two strategies of fish oil replacement were presented:Using 38.0% linseed oil plus 27.7% Nannochloropsis sp.oil and 34.3% Schizochytrium sp.oil can obtain the similar n-3/n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratio to fish oil, which was better able to meet the nutritional requirements of fish and selected as preferred strategy;Using 38.0% soybean oil with 27.7% Nannochloropsis sp.oil and 34.3% Schizochytrium sp.oil can get the main categories of fatty acids similar to fish oil, which was relatively cheaper than linseed oil group and used as alternative strategy.[Conclusion] Fish oil replacement with high EPA and DHA content microalgae plus plant oil is theoretically feasibility.