南宁市4种绿化树种的滞尘效益评估

Assessment on Effect of Dust-retention of the Four Green Plants in Nanning

关键词:  绿化树种  叶面滞尘  抗逆性  综合效益

Key words:  green plant  foliar dust-retention  stress resistance  comprehensive effect

摘要:

[目的]研究常见道路绿化植物的滞尘能力和对粉尘污染的抗性能力,并对植物滞尘效益进行评价。[方法]选取南宁市4种常见行道绿化树种:扁桃(Mangifera persiciformis)、鱼尾葵(Caryota ochlandra),朱槿(Hibiscus rosa-sinensis)、黄金榕(Ficus microcarpa),在南宁市交通繁忙区、建筑工地、工业密集区和相对清洁的对照区对树种叶片的滞尘能力进行测定,选择植物的叶绿素含量变化、净光合速率、蒸腾速率3个光合生理指标分析其抗性。[结果]鱼尾葵的滞尘能力在交通繁忙区和建筑污染区中最强,黄金榕在各污染区中受到的影响相对较小。工业污染区中黄金榕的滞尘能力最高;交通繁忙区中,鱼尾葵的净光合速率和蒸腾速率受影响较大,朱槿的叶绿素含量下降率最高;在建筑污染区和工业污染区,扁桃受到滞尘的影响较大。综合评价4种绿化树种的滞尘效益,交通繁忙区和建筑污染区最高为黄金榕,工业污染区最高为朱槿。[结论]同种植物对不同污染源的抗逆性不同,其滞尘能力也不同。通过综合评价,能较为客观地为南宁绿化树种选择和配制提供参考依据。

Abstract:

[Objective] To study the dust-retention abilities of common road greening plants and their resistance to dust pollution, and to assess the effect of dust-retention.[Methods] The study selected 4 kinds of common street greening trees in Nanning, which were Mangifera persiciformis, Caryota ochlandra, Hibiscus rosa-sinensis and Ficus microcarpa. In heavy traffic areas, construction sites, industrial dense areas and the relatively clean control areas of Nanning, the dust-retention ability of leaves of plant trees was determined.Three photosynthetic physiology indexes including the change of chlorophyll content, net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate of the selected plants were used to analyze the resistance.[Results] The dust-retention ability of Caryota ochlandra was the strongest in heavy traffic areas and contaminated construction areas, and the impact of Ficus microcarpa in various contaminated areas was relatively small.The dust-retention ability of Ficus microcarpa in industrial pollution areas was the highest.In heavy traffic areas, the net photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate of Caryota ochlandra were greatly affected.And the decline rate of chlorophyll content of Hibiscus rosasinensis was the highest.In contaminated construction areas and the industrial pollution areas, Mangifera persiciformis was greatly affected by the dust.Comprehensively assessing the dust-retention effects of the four types of greening tree species, in heavy traffic areas and contaminated construction areas Ficus microcarpa had the highest effect, and in industrial pollution areas Hibiscus rosa-sinensis had the highest effect.[Conclusion] The resistance of the same plant to different sources of pollution is different, and its dust-retention ability is also different.Through comprehensive evaluation, it can provide reference for the selection and configuration of greening tree in Nanning more objectively.