桂林旅游洞穴可持续利用研究

Study on Sustainable Utilization of Show Caves in Guilin City

关键词:  旅游洞穴  洞穴环境  景观退化  可持续利用  广西桂林

Key words:  show caves  cave environment  landscape deterioration  sustainable utilization  Guilin of Guangxi

摘要:

[目的]探讨桂林旅游洞穴的现状及可持续利用方式。[方法]洞穴环境因子的长期监测、分析及实地考察。[结果]桂林市芦笛岩、七星岩、冠岩、丰鱼岩、银子岩等主要旅游洞穴都不同程度存在钟乳石脱皮掉块、砂状风化、颜色变黑变暗、灯光植物破坏等沉积物老化问题，景观美学价值大大降低，对洞穴资源的旅游寿命构成较大威胁。同时认为洞穴开发中的施工改道、增加高能光源，以及大量游客涌入等，极大地改变了洞穴的自然环境，钟乳石化学风化、物理风化和生物风化等综合作用，加速了洞穴次生化学沉积物景观的风化速度。[结论]在洞穴系统区域构建良好植被生态环境；减少洞穴与外部空气交换；减少游人在洞穴中滞留时间；调整、改造灯光系统，使用冷光源，减少开启时间；预防和控制灯光植物的滋生，及时处理灯光植物；定期用适宜水质的水对洞穴景观清洁湿润；开展次生CaCO₃的沉积效果试验与研究；对洞穴空气环境进行长期、在线观测和预警；加强旅游管理，控制游客数量，规范游客游览行为等措施。

Abstract:

[Objective] The objective of this study is to discuss the current situation and sustainable utilization of show caves in Guilin city.[Methods] The study was conducted on the basis of long-term monitoring,analysis and on-site investigations to the environmental factors.[Results] Results showed that some of the show caves,such as the Ludiyan,Qixingyan,Guanyan,Fengyuyan,and Yinziyan caves,were suffering from aging problems of various degrees,including stalactite peeling-off and chipping-off,sand-like weathering,color blackening or darkening,and damaging by light and plants. The aesthetic value of the landscape was greatly reduced,threatening the tourism life of cave resources. Meanwhile,it was believed that the construction diversion in the cave development,the increase of high-energy light source,and the influx of tourists,had drastically changed the natural environment of the caves. The comprehensive effects of the chemical,physical and biological weathering of the stalactites had also accelerated the deterioration of the landform of secondary chemical sediments in the caves.[Conclusion] To solve these problems and establish a better ecological environment for these caves,urgent intervention measures needed to be implemented,which included reducing air exchange between inside and outside caves,reducing the residence time of tourists in the cave,adjusting or reforming lighting systems in the caves,using cold lights and reducing their operation time,preventing and controlling the breeding of lighting plants,and timely processing the lights plants,and regularly cleaning the landscape of caves with water of good quality. Besides,relevant experiments and researches on the sedimentation of secondary CaCO₃ in the caves should be conducted,and long-term and online monitoring and pre-warning of air quality within the caves should also be done. Other measures including strengthening the management of tourism,controlling amount of tourists,and standardizing tour behaviors of visitors should also be taken.