广西元宝山矿区重金属空间分布特征

Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Heavy Metals in Yuanbaoshan Mining Area, Guangxi

关键词:  元宝山矿区  重金属污染  富集系数  生态修复

Key words:  Yuanbaoshan mining area  heavy metal pollution  coefficient of concentration  bioremediation

摘要:

[目的] 对广西元宝山矿区的重金属污染情况和分布特征进行评价。[方法] 对矿区水体、土壤、植物的重金属含量进行测试分析和评价。[结果] 元宝山矿区的水体重金属污染元素主要为铁、铝、锌、镍、钴、镉、锰，污染源为矿坑排水，超过Ⅳ类标准的倍数分别为5.5倍、22.5倍、4.7倍、10.8倍、11.9倍、9.9倍、6.1倍。元宝山矿区的土壤重金属污染元素为砷、镉、铜、镍、铅、锌，含量超标数倍至数百倍不等。[结论] 元宝山矿区重金属的污染情况与污染源距离相关，大多数重金属浓度随与污染源距离的增加而减小，其中在距污染源5~8 km处减少最多。五节芒Miscanthus floridulus（Labill.）Warb.ex Schum.et Laut.可作为污染区的先锋修复物种。

Abstract:

[Objective] To evaluate the heavy metal pollution and distribution characteristics of Yuanbaoshan mining area in Guangxi.[Methods] The content of heavy metals in water, soil and plants was tested and evaluated.[Results] Water pollution elements in Yuanbaoshan mining area are mainly Fe, Al, Zn, Ni, Co, Cd, Mn, and the pollution source was mine pit drainage. The multiples exceeding the class Ⅳ standard were:5.5 times, 22.5 times, 4.7 times, 10.8 times, 11.9 times, 9.9 times, 6.1 times. The heavy metal pollution elements in the soil of Yuanbaoshan mining area were arsenic, cadmium, copper, nickel, lead, zinc, exceeding the standard several times to several hundred times.[Conclusion] The pollution of heavy metals in the Yuanbaoshan mining area was related to the distance of the pollution source. The concentration of most heavy metals decreased with the increase of the distance from the pollution source, and the decrease was most at 5-8 km from the pollution source.Miscanthus floridulus (Labill.) Warb.ex Schum.et Laut. could be used as a pioneer repair species in contaminated areas.