南海北部陆坡地形特征及其影响因素研究

Study on the Terrain Characteristics and Its Influencing Factors of the Northern Continental Slope of the South China Sea

关键词:  地形地貌  南海北部陆坡  西沙海槽  海底峡谷  甲烷渗漏微地貌

Key words:  topography and geomorphology  northern SCS continental slope  Xisha Trough  submarine canyon  methane seepage micromorphology

摘要:

南海北部陆坡位于南海北部大陆边缘，地质构造活动丰富，是大陆和深海进行物质和能量交换的重要过渡区。研究北部陆坡区复杂的地形地貌，有助于深化对南海北部陆缘海底地质活动与环境变化的认识，并为资源勘探与工程建设提供基础地质信息支撑。本研究基于全球水深地形图（General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans，GEBCO）数据及实测多波束数据，对南海北部陆坡的地形地貌进行研究，识别出不同的地貌类型，并探讨其形成和发展的控制因素。研究表明，南海北部陆坡发育有海台、海山、海丘、海槽、海底峡谷以及冷泉地貌类型。南海北部陆坡地形地貌的发育和演化主要受控于构造活动及火山活动，而外动力地质作用如沉积输运、海平面变化及甲烷流体的活动等，都对研究区的地形地貌做了进一步的改造，使之更加复杂。

Abstract:

The northern South China Sea (SCS) continental slope is located at the northern continental margin of the SCS with rich tectonic activity.It is an important transition zone for material and energy exchange between the continent and the deep sea.Studying the complex topography and geomorphology of the northern continental slope area is helpful to deepen the understanding of submarine geological activities and environmental changes in the northern continental margin of the South China Sea, and provide basic geological information support for resource exploration and engineering construction.Based on the General Bathymetric Chart of the Oceans (GEBCO) data and measured multi-beam data, this study investigated the topography of the northern continental slope of the South China Sea, identified different landform types, and discussed the controlling factors of its formation and development.Studies have shown that there are sea platforms, seamounts, knolls, troughs, submarine canyons and cold springs in the northern slope of the South China Sea.The development and evolution of the topography of the northern slope of the South China Sea are mainly controlled by tectonic activities and volcanic activities.The external dynamic geological processes such as sedimentary transport, sea level changes and methane fluid activities have further modified the topography of the study area, making it more complex.